NewTravel Nurse RN - Cardiology - $53 per hour in State College, PA Adelphi HealthcareTravel Nurse RN - Cardiology - $53 per hour in State College, PAState College, PA$53Profession: Registered Nurse. Specialty: RN - Cardiac Care.
NewTravel Nurse RN - Cardiology - $2,145 per week in State College, PA Advantis Medical StaffingTravel Nurse RN - Cardiology - $2,145 per week in State College, PAState College, PA$2,145Advantis Medical, the #1 rated travel nurse agency, is currently seeking an experienced Cardiology Registered Nurse (RN) for an exciting new travel job in State College, PA 16803. If you are an experienced Cardiology Registered Nurse (RN) with a passion for providing exceptional patient care, just let us know you’re interested.
NewTravel Nurse RN - Cardiology - $1,931 to $2,026 per week in State College, PA GQR HealthcareTravel Nurse RN - Cardiology - $1,931 to $2,026 per week in State College, PAState College, PA$1,931–$2,026As an award-winning talent partner, we support healthcare professionals through every step of that process, offering meaningful opportunities, clear guidance, and long-term partnership. *Estimated weekly pay includes projected hourly wages and weekly meal and lodging per diems for eligible clinicians based on nationally published GSA rates.
Cardiology Registered Nurse (RN), Full Time St. Luke's Health Network, Inc.Cardiology Registered Nurse (RN), Full TimeEaston, PAFull timeIndividually and together, our employees are dedicated to satisfying the mission of our organization which is an unwavering commitment to excellence as we care for the sick and injured; educate physicians, nurses and other health care providers; and improve access to care in the communities we serve, regardless of a patient's ability to pay for health care. Assists with performing pacemaker teachings, transtelephonic pacemaker analysis and event recorders, and reports abnormal findings to physicians.
RN - Specialty Registered Nurse - Cardiology GeisingerRN - Specialty Registered Nurse - CardiologyDanville, PAThrough professional growth, quality improvement, and interdisciplinary collaboration, we’ve built an innovative culture that allows nurses to grow their skillsets, develop their practice, and leverage their years of experience to build a rewarding, lasting career with impact. Obtains and documents patient medical history, chief complaint, vital signs, and provides basic medical data base for provider, and prepares patient for examinations.
NewInterventional Cardiology Physician GeisingerInterventional Cardiology PhysicianScranton, PAServices are provided at GMC in Danville, PA; The Richard and Marion Pearsall Heart Hospital at Geisinger Wyoming Valley (GWV) in Wilkes-Barre, PA; Geisinger Community Medical Center (GCMC) in Scranton, PA; Geisinger – Gray’s Woods in State College, PA; as well as select community locations encompassing an additional Cardiologists. The multidisciplinary team members of the Geisinger Heart and Vascular Institute participate in outcomes and population-based research through the Geisinger Center for Health Research; molecular, cellular and genomics research at the Siegfried and Janet Weis Center for Health Research; and trials of new drugs, devices and techniques through the Geisinger Center for Clinical Studies.
NewTravel Nurse RN - Cardiology - $1,745 to $1,939 per week in Central Pennsylvania, PA All Medical PersonnelTravel Nurse RN - Cardiology - $1,745 to $1,939 per week in Central Pennsylvania, PACentral Pennsylvania, PA$1,745–$1,939Established in 1990, our staffing business lines place locum tenens, travel nursing, travel therapy, allied health, and clinical laboratory professionals from coast-to-coast. Cardiology clinical nurses work in hospitals, care for critically ill patients, as well as those recovering from cardiac procedures such as bypass, angioplasty, or pacemaker surgery.
NewVeterinary Technician - Cardiology Metropolitan Veterinary AssociatesVeterinary Technician - CardiologyNorristown, PALocated in Plymouth Meeting, PA , Hickory Veterinary and Specialty Hospital is a multi-service animal hospital offering general practice, specialty services, 24/7 emergency care, boarding, grooming, daycare, and rehabilitation. If you re ready to make a genuine difference, grow your specialty skills, and work alongside people who share your passion for veterinary medicine, this is your invitation to join Hickory Veterinary and Specialty Hospital.
NewCertified Medical Assistant - CMA - Cardiology GeisingerCertified Medical Assistant - CMA - CardiologyLewistown, PAProvides direct patient care as directed by provider based on competency and needs of clinic, such as performs EKGs, wound dressings, and functions as support to the provider during minor surgical procedures and ancillary examinations. Executes and documents ongoing patient communication, as directed by provider, prioritizes communications to the provider, responds to patient questions and requests to ensure efficient use of provider time and timely response to patient needs.
NewPermanent Interventional Cardiology Opportunity in Pennsylvania CHG HealthcarePermanent Interventional Cardiology Opportunity in PennsylvaniaErie, PAThe practice supports a balanced blend of interventional procedures and general cardiology, allowing physicians to maintain a broad scope while focusing on quality care. To explore this wonderful opportunity, please contact Timothy McLean at 954.837.2767 or send your CV to timothy.mclean@comphealth.com and refer to JOB-3205265.
NewCardiology, Advanced Practice Provider - Float Monogram HealthCardiology, Advanced Practice Provider - FloatPittsburgh, PAMonogram Health employs a robust clinical team, leveraging specialists across multiple disciplines including nephrology, cardiology, endocrinology, pulmonology, behavioral health, and palliative care to diagnose and treat health issues; review and prescribe medication; provide guidance, education, and counselling on a patient’s healthcare options; as well as assist with daily needs such as access to food, eating healthy, transportation, financial assistance, and more. Monogram health takes a comprehensive and personalized approach to a person’s health, treating not only a disease, but all of the chronic conditions that are present - such as diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, depression, COPD, and other metabolic disorders.
NewPA or CRNP, Casual - BMA Cardiology UPMC - Pittsburgh Medical CenterPA or CRNP, Casual - BMA CardiologyAltoona, PAOAPP: If practicing in an outpatient or other non-inpatient setting, APPs can use one of the certifications above or use a business unit approved certification which is relevant, and value added to the practice setting. Ability to establish and maintain positive, caring relationships with executives, managers, physicians, non-physician providers, ancillary and support staff, other departments, and patients/families.
NewPA or CRNP, Staff or Senior - HVI Adult Cardiology-Electrophysiology UPMC - Pittsburgh Medical CenterPA or CRNP, Staff or Senior - HVI Adult Cardiology-ElectrophysiologyPittsburgh, PA$48.17–$72.43 / hourOAPP: If practicing in an outpatient or other non-inpatient setting, APPs can use one of the certifications above or use a business unit approved certification which is relevant, and value added to the practice setting. Ability to establish and maintain positive, caring relationships with executives, managers, physicians, non-physician providers, ancillary and support staff, other departments, and patients/families.
NewCardiology, Pediatric Hospital Physician-CICU (Bonus Eligible) Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaCardiology, Pediatric Hospital Physician-CICU (Bonus Eligible)Philadelphia, PAUnder the supervision of a sub-specialty attending physician, a Hospital-Physician is a board-certified or board-eligible pediatrician who evaluates, treats, manages inpatient care, documents medical findings in EPIC, provides support to patients, families and colleagues, collaborates with administration and nursing staff. Acts as a preceptor and mentor to support the development of nurses, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, students, and other health care providers.
NewPediatric Cardiology - Physician GeisingerPediatric Cardiology - PhysicianDanville, PAJanet Weis Children’s Hospital (JWCH), located on the Geisinger Medical Center campus in Danville, is the region’s only dedicated 5-floor, 91 bed children’s hospital with full-service hospitalist and intensive care services. In addition to our Danville campus, Geisinger Wyoming Valley, in nearby Wilkes-Barre provides general pediatric care and neonatal intensive care services in a 14 bed Level III NICU.
NewGeneral Cardiology - Geisinger GeisingerGeneral Cardiology - GeisingerWilkes Barre, PAGeisinger Heart & Vascular Institute features multiple accredited chest pain centers, a nationally recognized regional STEMI PCI network, TAVR program, complex arrhythmia ablation, and a full range of coronary, vascular and structural heart interventions. The multidisciplinary team members participate in outcomes and population-based research through the Geisinger Center for Health Research; molecular, cellular and genomics research at the Siegfried and Janet Weis Center for Health Research; and trials of new drugs, devices and techniques through the Geisinger Center for Clinical Studies.
NewSr. Professional Staff Nurse II, BSN - Non-Invasive Cardiology Full-Time Days UPMC - University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterSr. Professional Staff Nurse II, BSN - Non-Invasive Cardiology Full-Time DaysWilliamsport, PAIf a BSN is held, a Master's degree in a related field may be substituted in lieu of Certification.,The individual must be able to demonstrate the knowledge and skills necessary to provide care and/or interact appropriately to the ages of the patients served by his/her assigned unit as specified below. They must also demonstrate knowledge of the principles of growth and development over the life span and possess the ability to assess data reflective of the patient's status and interpret the appropriate information needed to identify each patient's requirements relative to his/her age-specific needs and to provide the care needs as described in the department policy and procedures.
NewCardiology, Electrophysiology APP - Penn Medicine Lancaster General Hospital Penn MedicineCardiology, Electrophysiology APP - Penn Medicine Lancaster General HospitalLancaster, PAPenn Medicine – The Heart Group of Lancaster General Health is seeking a full-time Advanced Practice Provider to join our established Electrophysiology (EP) team, working 10-hour shifts (8 shifts per 2-week pay period) with a typical schedule of 7:30 AM – 5:30 PM. The Heart Group is a high-volume cardiology practice with 34 physicians and 28 Nurse Practitioners, including 4 EP physicians and 5 EP NPs.
NewPA or CRNP, Staff or Senior - HVI Cardiology UPMC Horizon - Shenango Valley UPMC - Pittsburgh Medical CenterPA or CRNP, Staff or Senior - HVI Cardiology UPMC Horizon - Shenango ValleyFarrell, PA$48.17–$67.30 / hourOAPP: If practicing in an outpatient or other non-inpatient setting, APPs can use one of the certifications above or use a business unit approved certification which is relevant, and value added to the practice setting. Ability to establish and maintain positive, caring relationships with executives, managers, physicians, non-physician providers, ancillary and support staff, other departments, and patients/families.
NewCardiology, Advanced Cardiac Imaging Cardiologist - Penn Medicine Lancaster General Health Penn MedicineCardiology, Advanced Cardiac Imaging Cardiologist - Penn Medicine Lancaster General HealthLancaster, PAOur providers are committed to providing excellent care with state-of-the-art technology and work collaboratively with primary care and other specialty providers in the Penn Medicine Lancaster General Health Network to ensure a comprehensive and coordinated approach to Cardiology care. We are comprised of 30+ cardiologists and 20+ nurse practitioners with subspecialties that include interventional cardiology, structural heart disease, non-invasive/general cardiology, advanced lipidology, electrophysiology and advanced heart failure services.
Registered Nurse, Non-Invasive Cardiology St. Luke's Health Network, Inc.Registered Nurse, Non-Invasive CardiologyStroudsburg, PAPart timeIndividually and together, our employees are dedicated to satisfying the mission of our organization which is an unwavering commitment to excellence as we care for the sick and injured; educate physicians, nurses and other health care providers; and improve access to care in the communities we serve, regardless of a patient's ability to pay for health care. Assists with performing pacemaker teachings, transtelephonic pacemaker analysis and event recorders, and reports abnormal findings to physicians.
Registered Nurse-Cardiology (Per Diem) St. Luke's Health Network, Inc.Registered Nurse-Cardiology (Per Diem)Sellersville, PAPart timeIndividually and together, our employees are dedicated to satisfying the mission of our organization which is an unwavering commitment to excellence as we care for the sick and injured; educate physicians, nurses and other health care providers; and improve access to care in the communities we serve, regardless of a patient's ability to pay for health care. Assists with performing pacemaker teachings, transtelephonic pacemaker analysis and event recorders, and reports abnormal findings to physicians.
NewProfessional Staff Nurse - 4 North Cardiology - York Memorial UPMC - University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterProfessional Staff Nurse - 4 North Cardiology - York MemorialYork, PAUp to five and a half weeks of Paid Time Off annually, plus seven paid holidays each year • Dedicated career ladders, including a brand-new nursing career ladder added just this year, allowing you to achieve your highest potential while rewarding you for your experience and advanced education • Tuition reimbursement of up to $6,000 per academic year at any accredited institution, available to employees and their dependents (plus discounts for UPMC employees including no cost RN-BSN/MSN options!) . Here’s how we support our nurses: • Generous Sign-On Bonus of up to $15,000 (*Amount and eligibility based on type of nursing role and candidate experience) UPMC’s Monthly Loan Repayment program, exclusively for 2026-2027 nursing graduates, offering $20,000* in loan repayment paid over three years (*Eligible flex full-time RN roles to receive prorated amount) .
NewStructural Interventional Cardiology Opening in Pittsburgh, PA B.E.L. & AssociatesStructural Interventional Cardiology Opening in Pittsburgh, PAPittsburgh, PAPrivate Practice setting doing full cardiology services including TAVR's, Watchman's, STEMI call, interventional, echos, nuclears, hospital consults and clinic visits. Structural Cardiology opening at Pittsburgh, PA with private practice setting.
NewBest Paying Non-invasive Cardiology in PA with no call and no weekends. H1b accepted. B.E.L. & AssociatesBest Paying Non-invasive Cardiology in PA with no call and no weekends. H1b accepted.Pittsburgh, PABest paying Non-invasive cardiology opening in western PA for the workload of NO CALL & NO WEEKENDS for Non-invasive Cardiologist outside of Pittsburgh, PA. Replacement position, so patient volume is established for an instant practice.
NewCardiology, Advanced Practice Provider (APP/NP) Monogram HealthCardiology, Advanced Practice Provider (APP/NP)East Stroudsburg, PAJob Description Position: Advanced Practice Provider (NP/PA) Monogram Health is seeking compassionate and skilled Advanced Practice Providers (Nurse Practitioners or Physician Assistants) to deliver high-quality in-home care to patients living with multiple chronic conditions, including diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, COPD, depression, and other complex health needs. This role works within an integrated multidisciplinary care team (Clinical, Behavioral Health, Pharmacy, Administrative), establishing long-term patient relationships and providing continuity of care to complex patients in their homes and via telehealth.
Nurse Practitioner or Physician Assistant - Cardiology Heart Failure (Bethlehem) St. Luke's Health Network, Inc.Nurse Practitioner or Physician Assistant - Cardiology Heart Failure (Bethlehem)Bethlehem, PAFull timeIndividually and together, our employees are dedicated to satisfying the mission of our organization which is an unwavering commitment to excellence as we care for the sick and injured; educate physicians, nurses and other health care providers; and improve access to care in the communities we serve, regardless of a patient's ability to pay for health care. Participates in the teaching of multidisciplinary students (nursing, nurse practitioner, pharmacy, physician assistant, medical, etc.) and physician residents & fellows, ensuring a positive educational environment.
NewNon Invasive Cardiology Physician GeisingerNon Invasive Cardiology PhysicianState College, PAGeisinger’s Heart & Vascular Institute is seeking an invasive or non-invasive cardiologist to join the Geisinger Gray’s Woods practice located in beautiful State College, Pennsylvania. Founded more than 100 years ago by Abigail Geisinger, the system now includes ten hospital campuses, a 550,000-member health plan, two research centers and the Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine.
NewNon-Invasive Cardiology | $600K+ The Medicus FirmNon-Invasive Cardiology | $600K+Clarks Summit, PACompensation & Benefits : Competitive Compensation: $600,000 guaranteed base salary with realistic earnings of $750,000-$1 Mill. Professional Growth Opportunities: Work alongside nationally recognized mentor with opportunities to teach fellows/residents.
NewCardiology, PRN Cardiology Opportunity in Philadelphia, PA Archwell HealthCardiology, PRN Cardiology Opportunity in Philadelphia, PAPhiladelphia, PAExceptional communication skills to facilitate patient care including ability to foster and cultivate relationships with primary care physicians, center care team members, and staff. We deliver best-in-class primary care at comfortable, accessible neighborhood centers where older adults can feel at home and become part of a vibrant, wellness-focused community.
NewNon-invasive Cardiology, Non-Invasive Cardiologist - Penn Medicine Valley Forge Penn MedicineNon-invasive Cardiology, Non-Invasive Cardiologist - Penn Medicine Valley ForgeBerwyn, PAThis fully ambulatory, outpatient-focused position offers access to advanced on-site diagnostic testing and imaging, along with the opportunity to collaborate with a highly skilled team of cardiologists, advanced practice providers, and specialists across Penn Medicine. Job Description Penn Medicine is seeking a BE/BC Non-Invasive Cardiologist to join our growing practice at Penn Medicine Valley Forge, a multispecialty facility serving the greater Chester County and Main Line communities.
NewNon-invasive Cardiology, Non-Invasive Cardiologist - Penn Medicine Westtown Penn MedicineNon-invasive Cardiology, Non-Invasive Cardiologist - Penn Medicine WesttownWest Chester, PAEmployee wellness resources and work/life programs including active efforts to reduce in-basket burden and after-hours clinical work. Job Description Position Description: Penn Medicine is seeking a BE/BC Non-Invasive Cardiologist to join our growing and collaborative team at our Westtown practice .
NewGeneral Cardiology Locums in PA All Star Healthcare SolutionsGeneral Cardiology Locums in PAWilliamsport, PAPlease note: Further information regarding start dates, shift patterns, procedures, and patient volume will be shared upon request. Responsibilities include clinic coverage, readings, weeknight on-call duties, and 24-hour weekend on-call.
NewNon-invasive Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute - Non-Invasive Cardiology - Pittsburgh, Jefferson Allegheny Health NetworkNon-invasive Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute - Non-Invasive Cardiology - Pittsburgh, JeffersonJefferson Hills, PAAHNs Jefferson Hospital is a full service 348 bed facility offering minimally invasive thoracic and vascular surgery, 24/7 cardiac catheterization lab and an on-campus AHN Heart Center. This is an opportunity to join one of the premier cardiac programs in the country providing superior care and access to a comprehensive, multidisciplinary team of specialists and innovative therapies, including many available only through clinical trials.
NewNon-invasive Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute - Non-Invasive Cardiology - Erie, Saint Vincent Ho Allegheny Health NetworkNon-invasive Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute - Non-Invasive Cardiology - Erie, Saint Vincent HoErie, PASaint Vincent Hospital offers treatments including cardiac catheterization, cardiac surgery, electrophysiology, non-invasive testing services, TAVR, Watchman and cardiac rehab. Job Description The Allegheny Health Network (AHN), Cardiovascular Institute is recruiting a Non-Invasive Cardiologist to join our team serving Erie, Pennsylvania .
Scheduling Coordinator - Cardiology St. Luke's Health Network, Inc.Scheduling Coordinator - CardiologyBrodheadsville, PAFull timeIndividually and together, our employees are dedicated to satisfying the mission of our organization which is an unwavering commitment to excellence as we care for the sick and injured; educate physicians, nurses and other health care providers; and improve access to care in the communities we serve, regardless of a patient's ability to pay for health care. Coordinates and completes accurate basic registration, demographic, and insurance information to ensure timely and accurate payments for services while scheduling appointments as well as collecting all pertinent information needed and required to complete referral or pre-certification process.
NewPhysician-Invasive Cardiology St. Luke's Health Network, Inc.Physician-Invasive CardiologySellersville, PAFull timeIndividually and together, our employees are dedicated to satisfying the mission of our organization which is an unwavering commitment to excellence as we care for the sick and injured; educate physicians, nurses and other health care providers; and improve access to care in the communities we serve, regardless of a patient's ability to pay for health care. The St. Luke’s Physician provides medical services in the general care and treatment of patients in both practice and hospital settings.
Non Invasive Cardiology St. Luke's Health Network, Inc.Non Invasive CardiologySellersville, PAFull timeIndividually and together, our employees are dedicated to satisfying the mission of our organization which is an unwavering commitment to excellence as we care for the sick and injured; educate physicians, nurses and other health care providers; and improve access to care in the communities we serve, regardless of a patient's ability to pay for health care. The St. Luke’s Physician provides medical services in the general care and treatment of patients in both practice and hospital settings.
Medical Assistant, Practice Operations - Cardiology St. Luke's Health Network, Inc.Medical Assistant, Practice Operations - CardiologyEast Stroudsburg, PAFull timeCommunicates and coordinates with providers or Care Team regarding hospital discharge, Emergency Department visits, consulting physicians, community resources, disease management, patient self-management, patient and/or family education on chronic conditions, and labs or other testing as well as specialist visits. Provides other patient care services as needed/directed: keeps exam rooms clean; maintains clinical supplies in exam rooms; cleans and autoclaves contaminated instruments; gives injections or immunizations within State guidelines.
NewNoninvasive Cardiology Locums Need in DE All Star Healthcare SolutionsNoninvasive Cardiology Locums Need in DEMilford, PAPatient Types / Cases / Procedures Required: Inpatient non-invasive cardiology, including transesophageal echocardiograms (TEEs). Note: Further details regarding start dates, shift schedules, procedures, and patient loads will be shared upon request.
Cardiology Physician UPMCCardiology PhysicianPhiladelphia, PAhas more than 11,000 employees, seven acute care hospitals, more than 60 primary care practices, and more than 200 specialty practices - all providing high-quality, patient-centered health care services in the region. UPMC Heart & Vascular Institute: We are Central Pennsylvania's premier provider of innovative, compassionate, patient-centered cardiac and vascular care.
NewTravel PCU Stepdown RN Fusion Medical StaffingTravel PCU Stepdown RNHonesdale, PA$2,155–$2,293They assess and manage complex patient needs, administer medications and treatments, and collaborate with multidisciplinary teams to ensure safe, patient-centered care. As a member of our team, you'll have the opportunity to make a positive impact on the lives of patients while enjoying competitive pay, comprehensive benefits, and the support of a dedicated clinical team.
NewTravel EP RN Fusion Medical StaffingTravel EP RNPhiladelphia, PA$2,374–$2,729The Electrophysiology (EP) Lab RN plays a key role treating patients with heart failure, coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, and cardiac arrhythmias. As a member of our team, you'll have the opportunity to make a positive impact on the lives of patients while enjoying competitive pay, comprehensive benefits, and the support of a dedicated clinical team.
NewTravel Cath Lab RN Fusion Medical StaffingTravel Cath Lab RNPittsburgh, PA$2,690–$3,092Assist in arterial and/or venous sheath removal using closure devices, manual pressure, or mechanical compression, and transport patients to the appropriate recovery area. Technical/Motor Skills - Must have the ability to grasp, perform fine manipulation, push/pull, and move about when assisting with procedures and/or using department equipment.
NewRN-Registered Nurse-Cardiac ICU GeisingerRN-Registered Nurse-Cardiac ICUDanville, PAWe also care for Cardiology (STEMI, post cath, TAVR, or watchmen procedures), Heart Failure patients (LVAD placement), Critical Care Medicine patients, post-op transplant patients, Vascular patients, and Esophagectomy patients. Geisinger values and prioritizes the safety and security of our staff by investing in a Strongline Alert Notification system worn by our staff, robust camera surveillance system, metal detectors at certain locations and security guards/K9 program on campus. .
RN-Registered Nurse Per Diem-Advanced Acute Care Medical GeisingerRN-Registered Nurse Per Diem-Advanced Acute Care MedicalDanville, PAGeisinger values and prioritizes the safety and security of our staff by investing in a Strongline Alert Notification system worn by our staff, robust camera surveillance system, metal detectors at certain locations and security guards/K9 program on campus. Employee Assistance Program (EAP): Referrals for childcare, eldercare, & pet care; Access free legal guidance, mental health visits, work-life support, digital self-help tools and more.
RN-Registered Nurse-Advanced Acute Care Medical GeisingerRN-Registered Nurse-Advanced Acute Care MedicalDanville, PAGeisinger values and prioritizes the safety and security of our staff by investing in a Strongline Alert Notification system worn by our staff, robust camera surveillance system, metal detectors at certain locations and security guards/K9 program on campus. . Family-friendly support including adoption and fertility assistance, parental leave pay, military leave pay and a free Care.com membership with discounted backup care for your loved ones.
RN-Registered Nurse- Advanced Acute Care Cardiovascular/Stroke Unit GeisingerRN-Registered Nurse- Advanced Acute Care Cardiovascular/Stroke UnitWilkes-Barre, PAFamily-friendly support to include adoption assistance, paid parental leave, paid military leave and a free care.com membership with discounted backup care for your loved ones. Our patients, members and community come from a wide variety of backgrounds, and it takes a diverse workforce to make better health easier for all.