Define and enforce non-functional requirements (NFRs) — performance, scalability, availability, security, maintainability, observability — and validate designs against them through architecture reviews, load testing strategy, and capacity planning. Evaluate and integrate AI/ML capabilities into applications — e.g., LLM-based features, RAG pipelines, ML model serving, prompt engineering, or integration with AI platforms (OpenAI, Anthropic, AWS Bedrock, SageMaker, etc.), depending on project needs.