Microbiology: Experience with aseptic technique, culture media preparation, microbial cultivation and isolation, microscopy and staining (including Gram staining), serial dilutions and viable plate counts, biochemical identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing; and proficiency in safe microbial handling, disinfection, sterilization, and biological waste disposal. Human Physiology: Experience with frog pithing and specimen preparation; laboratory experiments in enzyme activity, membrane transport, sensory function, and muscle physiology; recording and interpreting EMG, ECG, and blood pressure data; use of systems such as PowerLab and LabChart; and proficiency in solution preparation, spectrophotometry, physiological calculations, and data analysis.