Agentic AI frameworks & protocols: Claude Agent SDK, Anthropic / OpenAI SDKs, LangGraph, AutoGen, CrewAI, Semantic Kernel, and the Model Context Protocol (MCP); tool/function calling and multi-agent patterns. GenAI & fine-tuning frameworks: Hugging Face Transformers, PEFT (LoRA/QLoRA), TRL, Accelerate, DeepSpeed, bitsandbytes, Axolotl, Unsloth; vLLM / TGI / Ollama for serving; LangChain, LlamaIndex for RAG and orchestration.