Data & Cloud Infrastructure: Databricks (Delta Lake, Spark SQL, PySpark, MLflow), Snowflake (enterprise-scale warehousing), Azure (AKS, Synapse, EventHub, Logic Apps). AI/ML Platforms: LLM APIs (OpenAI, Hugging Face, Anthropic, MosaicML), transformer architectures, RAG workflows, LLMOps frameworks (prompt lifecycle, monitoring).