NewSoftware Engineer ABC CorporationSoftware EngineerWilmington, MAInternVolunteerTemporaryContractorExperienced Software Engineer with strong Java and Selenium skills,Develop automation scripts and execute regression suites,Develop automation scripts and execute regression suites.
AI Software Engineer Clinpharma Consulting Global GroupAI Software EngineerChelmsford, MA$30–$40 / hourFull timeYou will work on building AI-powered applications by integrating Large Language Models (LLMs), backend services, APIs, and modern cloud technologies. We are looking for a motivated AI Engineer to join our growing engineering team.
NewSoftware Development Engineer JobotSoftware Development EngineerBoston, MA$65–$80 / hourDevelopers at this level are building greater independence, taking ownership of small to medium-sized work items, and strengthening their core engineering skills across multiple application layers, including user interfaces, services, APIs, and data. Our teams include professionals across software engineering, product development, clinical informatics, research, and healthcare technology who share a commitment to reducing complexity and improving outcomes for patients and providers.
Flight Software Engineer GCR Professional ServicesFlight Software EngineerCambridge, MassachusettsContractorClient is seeking a software engineer with an B.S. or a M.S. in Aerospace Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Systems Engineering, Computer Science or equivalent. Integration and test will include everything from unit testing, static and dynamic testing, integration and interface testing, debugging, and defect resolution.
Embedded Software Engineer (Avionics) GCR Professional ServicesEmbedded Software Engineer (Avionics)Cambridge, MassachusettsContractorExcellent development and troubleshooting skills on embedded targets ¿ Excellent knowledge of OS coding techniques, interfaces, hardware subsystems and driver development ¿ Development experience with device drivers, board support package, boot code and knowledge of embedded system buses and protocols (e.g. GCC, LLVM), static analysis tools, dynamic analysis, and QEMU based development are preferred ¿ Knowledge and experience with software configuration management tools, defect tracking tools, and peer review processes.
Lead, Embedded Software Engineer (Optical Space Systems) : Sign-on bonus ($30K max) L3Harris TechnologiesLead, Embedded Software Engineer (Optical Space Systems) : Sign-on bonus ($30K max)Wilmington, MA$135,000–$250,500 / yearL3Harris Space and Mission Systems is seeking a Lead, Embedded Software Engineer for our Wilmington, MA location to join a talented team of experts developing Embedded Flight Software for space-based imaging payloads. Experience with embedded command and control of mechanisms (e.g., shutters, motors, gimbals), embedded controllers (e.g., PIC, STM, TMS), serial communications (e.g., CAN, TCP/IP, RS422), and distributed messaging (TCP/UDP).
Specialist, Embedded Software Engineer (Optical Payload Integration) : Sign-on bonus ($15K max) L3Harris TechnologiesSpecialist, Embedded Software Engineer (Optical Payload Integration) : Sign-on bonus ($15K max)Wilmington, MA$97,000–$180,000 / yearL3Harris Space and Airborne Systems is seeking an Embedded Software Integration Engineer for our Wilmington, MA location to join a team of experts developing Embedded Flight Software for space-based imaging payloads. Bachelor’s degree in Computer Engineering, Computer Science, or related field with 4+ years of relevant experience; OR Graduate Degree with 2+ years of relevant experience; OR 8+ years of relevant experience in lieu of a degree.
Lead, IPTL Software Engineer (Optical Space Systems) : Sign-on bonus ($30K max) L3Harris TechnologiesLead, IPTL Software Engineer (Optical Space Systems) : Sign-on bonus ($30K max)Wilmington, MA$135,000–$250,500 / yearThe ideal candidate has a strong background in space domain, including embedded and real-time software, RTOS environments such as VxWorks, and development of EGSE and test systems for optical payload integration and test. Bachelor’s degree in Computer Engineering, Computer Science, or related field with 9+ years of relevant experience; OR Graduate Degree with 7+ years of relevant experience; OR 13+ years of relevant experience in lieu of a degree.
Senior Software Engineer, Agent Platform KlaviyoSenior Software Engineer, Agent PlatformBoston, MA$148,000–$222,000 / yearIn addition to base salary, our total compensation package may include participation in the company’s annual cash bonus plan, variable compensation (OTE) for sales and customer success roles, equity, sign-on payments, and a comprehensive range of health, welfare, and wellbeing benefits based on eligibility. We have a big opportunity to build state-of-the-art AI and machine learning technologies at Klaviyo to power our products and develop AI agents that can automatically create and execute marketing or customer experiences, strategies, and campaigns for any business.
Senior Software Engineer - Profiles, Lists and Segments KlaviyoSenior Software Engineer - Profiles, Lists and SegmentsBoston, MA$148,000–$222,000 / yearPartnering closely with product managers, data scientists, and other platform teams, you’ll help define scope, translate complex data and UX problems into practical implementations, and build intuitive workflows that give customers confidence in their audiences. In addition to base salary, our total compensation package may include participation in the company’s annual cash bonus plan, variable compensation (OTE) for sales and customer success roles, equity, sign-on payments, and a comprehensive range of health, welfare, and wellbeing benefits based on eligibility.
NewSenior Staff Software Engineer, Autonomous Pilot Integration Shield AISenior Staff Software Engineer, Autonomous Pilot IntegrationBoston, MAHardware/Software Debugging — Diagnose and resolve integration issues across complex autonomy stacks, payload computers, and embedded systems in lab and field environments — including memory, CPU, and timing profiling under operationally-representative loads. In this role, youll write new autonomy code — such as mission behaviors, platform-specific control, multi-agent coordination, contingencies, and executive autonomy — and own it end-to-end from software-in-the-loop, to hardware-in-the-loop, to vehicle-in-the-loop, to live test exercise.
Software Engineer II - Inline Mailflow AbnormalSoftware Engineer II - Inline MailflowBoston, MADesign and implement core components of the SMTP relay harness, including Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) infrastructure, scalability, IP management, encryption, and DMARC support, working from conception through production operation. • Contribute to technical design discussions on how the relay integrates with existing inline products (outbound DLP, behavioral outbound, misdirected email), helping define the architecture of the broader Mail Flow platform.
Software Engineer (C# .NET Framework/SQL Server) SarnovaSoftware Engineer (C# .NET Framework/SQL Server)Boston, MAThe position is well suited for an engineer who enjoys working with complex systems, troubleshooting production issues, and contributing to the continued evolution and sustainability of the platform. This role focuses on supporting, enhancing, and progressively modernizing enterprise and legacy applications using C#, NET Framework, and SQL Server.
NewSoftware Engineer II, Autonomy Behaviors Shield AISoftware Engineer II, Autonomy BehaviorsBoston, MAThe team is responsible for developing autonomous behaviors within Shield AI’s industry-leading mission autonomy software stack and deploying them across a breadth of platforms, including the Anduril Fury, Northrup Grumman Talon, Shield AI V-Bat, and other first and third-party autonomous vehicles. The Autonomy Capabilities team at Shield AI has assembled a diverse team of experts in software, robotics, control systems, optimization, and data analysis to create software solutions that greatly evolve the capabilities of our customers.
Senior System Engineer Viken DetectionSenior System EngineerBurlington, MA$105,000–$155,000 / yearDefining/documenting baseline requirements which may include analysis of customer/systems requirements; CONOPS development; establishing and documenting derived and decomposed requirements for different subsystems and disciplines (EE, ME, Software). Working with development team in establishing systems design including use cases/user stories, preliminary and detailed design, system architecture, and internal and external interfaces.
NewSoftware Project Manager JobotSoftware Project ManagerBoston, MARemote$120,000–$190,000 / yearYou'll manage multiple client engagements simultaneously while serving as the primary point of contact, helping clients navigate complex technical decisions and ensuring projects are delivered successfully. Information collected and processed as part of your Jobot candidate profile, and any job applications, resumes, or other information you choose to submit is subject to Jobot's Privacy Policy, as well as the Jobot California Worker Privacy Notice and Jobot Notice Regarding Automated Employment Decision Tools which are available at jobot.com/legal.
NewStaff Software Engineer, Autonomy Behaviors Shield AIStaff Software Engineer, Autonomy BehaviorsBoston, MAUtilize your software and systems expertise to architect behaviors as scalable software subsystems, that may interact directly or indirectly with a breadth of system components (e.g., sensor processing, state estimation, peer-to-peer communications, contingency management, actuation, and payload interfacing). The team is responsible for developing autonomous behaviors within Shield AI’s industry-leading mission autonomy software stack and deploying them across a breadth of platforms, including the Anduril Fury, Northrup Grumman Talon, Shield AI V-Bat, and other first- and third-party autonomous vehicles.
Application Builder, Ring Software Product Builders Amazon.com Services LLCApplication Builder, Ring Software Product BuildersNorth Reading, MAUse AI to deliver features efficiently - this can include creating features, unit tests, generate code, documents, tickets, resolve defects, optimize code, and much more. If you have a disability and need a workplace accommodation or adjustment during the application and hiring process, including support for the interview or onboarding process, please visit https://amazon.jobs/content/en/how-we-hire/accommodations for more information.
NewSenior Engineer, Software Embedded Applications Shield AISenior Engineer, Software Embedded ApplicationsBoston, MAThe Embedded Software Engineer works with in a high pace environment with a cross-functional team of program stakeholders, electrical engineers, Guidance, Navigation and Controls (GNC) engineers, systems engineers, test engineers and the autonomy team, to design and develop software systems which utilize modern aerospace sensors, state-of-the-art UAV avionics. We are seeking for skilled, experienced embedded software engineers with relevant experience in C++ in embedded systems to join our X-BAT Embedded Software Team focused on developing complex avionics software that merges hardware and embedded applications for cutting-edge Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV).
NewRF Engineer III (NH) - Security Clearance GCR Professional ServicesRF Engineer III (NH) - Security ClearanceHudson, New HampshireContractorCollaboration: Collaborate with cross-functional teams, including electrical engineers, mechanical engineers, software engineers, and project managers, to ensure successful integration of the Antennas. *Testing and Measurement Equipment: - Experience with Antenna/RF testing and measurement equipment, such as network analyzers, spectrum analyzers, signal generators, and oscilloscopes.
NewSenior Full Stack Software Developer Waters CorporationSenior Full Stack Software DeveloperMilford, MAAs a Software Engineer you will participate in team meetings and ceremonies, take ownership on identified features and deliver on assigned tasks: • Evaluate and translate system and product requirements to task specifications. In this role you will join an agile team focused on developing our next generation Empower data systems and data collaboration software Apps for a cloud computing environment.
NewManufacturing Applications Engineer JobotManufacturing Applications EngineerWorcester, MA$90,000–$120,000 / yearInformation collected and processed as part of your Jobot candidate profile, and any job applications, resumes, or other information you choose to submit is subject to Jobot's Privacy Policy, as well as the Jobot California Worker Privacy Notice and Jobot Notice Regarding Automated Employment Decision Tools which are available at jobot.com/legal. This role is responsible for designing and modifying bearing components and assemblies to meet customer requirements while ensuring manufacturability, quality, and cost efficiency.
NewSenior Quality Engineer JobotSenior Quality EngineerDanvers, MA$110,000–$140,000 / yearInformation collected and processed as part of your Jobot candidate profile, and any job applications, resumes, or other information you choose to submit is subject to Jobot's Privacy Policy, as well as the Jobot California Worker Privacy Notice and Jobot Notice Regarding Automated Employment Decision Tools which are available at jobot.com/legal. 3. Proven experience in driving corrective actions, conducting root cause analysis, managing nonconformances, and overseeing the quality of electro-mechanical products.
Senior Mechanical Engineer SymboticSenior Mechanical EngineerChelsea, MAApplying next-gen technology, high-density storage and machine learning to solve today's complex distribution challenges, Symbotic enables companies to move goods with unmatched speed, agility, accuracy and efficiency. Cross-Functional Collaboration: Work closely with electrical, software, controls, manufacturing, and quality engineering teams to ensure seamless integration and product success. .
Model-Based Systems Engineer (MBSE) GCR Professional ServicesModel-Based Systems Engineer (MBSE)Woburn, Massachusetts$75–$90 / hourContractorRole can be Hybrid, TBD The Systems Engineer should have experience architecting systems, working across the Systems Engineering Lifecycle, and in Digital Engineering/Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) achieving architectural integrity and traceability through requirements analysis, system and software development and production system deployment. The ideal candidate will be well-versed in Systems Engineering techniques, Modeling and Simulation, and Digital Engineering/MBSE and be excited about opportunities to mentor more junior staff and help foster growth of subject matter expertise across the organization.
NewStaff Backend Engineer - Enterprise Grafana LabsStaff Backend Engineer - EnterpriseBoston, MARemote$174,986–$209,983 / yearWe work across the larger Grafana Labs organisation and directly with external customers, including major cloud service providers and global enterprises running observability and build infrastructure at massive scale, to solve their most demanding distributed systems challenges. Today, more than 35 million users and 7,000+ customers – including Anthropic, Bloomberg, NVIDIA, Microsoft, and Salesforce – trust Grafana Labs to ensure reliability of their applications and systems, resolve incidents quickly, and optimize their telemetry to reduce noise and cost.
Application Engineer GCR Professional ServicesApplication EngineerBillerica, Massachusetts$95,000–$130,000 / yearJob Summary: This role is responsible for translating customer technical requirements into product specifications, designing and validating new features, and developing custom mechanical components. It also includes maintaining technical documentation, providing on-site support, and collaborating cross-functionally to ensure successful product implementation.
Robotics/Controls Engineer GCR Professional ServicesRobotics/Controls EngineerBurlington, Massachusetts$100,000–$140,000 / yearCollaborate with the Manager of Controls Engineering to design and implement advanced control systems for robotic manipulators and electromechanical systems. Responsibilities include motion control and servo tuning, dynamic modeling, simulation in MATLAB, and real-time software implementation.
Manufacturing Engineer III (NH) GCR Professional ServicesManufacturing Engineer III (NH)Hudson, New HampshireContractorYou will collaborate with cross-functional teams, including design engineers, production personnel, and quality assurance, to optimize manufacturing operations and drive continuous improvement initiatives. As a Manufacturing Engineer, your primary responsibility will be to develop and improve manufacturing processes and systems to ensure the efficient and cost-effective production of defense and aerospace products.
Production Support Engineer Clandica incProduction Support EngineerBoston, MA$50–$55 / hourContractorp tabindex="0">The Production Support Engineer will be responsible for managing daily production support issues across Risk and Investments systems, monitoring applications and system health, investigating and resolving technical errors, performing root cause analysis for production issues, and documenting processes related to production support tasks. This role will also involve collaborating with IT partners to automate software delivery processes and supporting users with internal development platform and tools.
NewManufacturing Engineer III| (NH) GCR Professional ServicesManufacturing Engineer III| (NH)Hudson, New HampshireContractorYou will collaborate with cross-functional teams, including design engineers, production personnel, and quality assurance, to optimize manufacturing operations and drive continuous improvement initiatives. As a Manufacturing Engineer, your primary responsibility will be to develop and improve manufacturing processes and systems to ensure the efficient and cost-effective production of defense and aerospace products.
NewGuidance, Navigation & Control Engineer for Space GCR Professional ServicesGuidance, Navigation & Control Engineer for SpaceCambridge, MassachusettsRemoteContractorThe applicant will join a team of highly motivated Guidance, Navigation and Control (GNC) Engineers in the design, development, test, implementation and operation of spacecraft GNC systems for Low Earth Orbit space missions. Qualifications should include: MS degree in a relevant technical field of study, plus at least 4 years applicable experience or a PhD degree in a relevant technical field of study.
Production Support Engineer Clandica IncProduction Support EngineerBoston, MA$55–$60 / hourContractorp tabindex="0">The Production Support Engineer will be responsible for managing daily production support issues across Risk and Investments systems, monitoring applications and system health, investigating and resolving technical errors, performing root cause analysis for production issues, and documenting processes related to production support tasks. This role will also involve collaborating with IT partners to automate software delivery processes and supporting users with internal development platform and tools.
NewStaff Backend Engineer - Session Replay Grafana LabsStaff Backend Engineer - Session ReplayBoston, MARemoteToday, more than 35 million users and 7,000+ customers – including Anthropic, Bloomberg, NVIDIA, Microsoft, and Salesforce – trust Grafana Labs to ensure reliability of their applications and systems, resolve incidents quickly, and optimize their telemetry to reduce noise and cost. As a Staff Software Engineer, you will operate as a technical leader and systems thinker, driving both product direction and architectural evolution, specifically, you will: • Own end-to-end technical direction for Session Replay, spanning frontend, backend, and data systems.
Test Engineer Continental ResourcesTest EngineerExeter, NHFull timeThe Test Engineer is responsible for the design, development, programming, implementation, and maintenance of automated test equipment and test fixtures used in the testing of power supplies and related electronic products. This role works closely with design and manufacturing teams to develop test procedures, create automated test programs, and ensure product quality through effective testing processes.
GNC SYSTEMS ANALYST ENGINEER GCR Professional ServicesGNC SYSTEMS ANALYST ENGINEERCambridgeContractorTime domain simulations, covariance-based methods, and Monte Carlo dispersed analysis will be used to assess and tune system performance and to document analysis results. The analysis will include assessment of control, navigation, and guidance system performance, verification of algorithms and algorithm requirements, and analysis of flight dynamics and trajectory dispersions.
Quality Engineer III (NH) GCR Professional ServicesQuality Engineer III (NH)Hudson, New Hampshire$45–$58 / hourContractorThis role will participate and/or lead failure analysis in manufacturing and for field failures, develop troubleshooting & repair schemes, develop manufacturing process controls and documentation, interface with manufacturing and quality personnel to train and transfer processes & knowledge for successful volume production launches, and engage with suppliers as needed to drive improvement and implement process controls. This is a hands-on role that works with a team of quality engineers, technicians and inspectors that are engaged through the entire life cycle of product, starting during development, continuing with transitioning of product to manufacturing, and then supporting the continuous manufacture of product.
NewStaff Backend Engineer - Application Core Services, Stacks Grafana LabsStaff Backend Engineer - Application Core Services, StacksBoston, MARemoteOur work includes maintaining the billing engine responsible for customer usage calculation, automating provisioning after a customer signs a contract, integrating with cloud marketplaces such as AWS, Azure, and GCP, and building and maintaining the user portal our customers rely on to manage their accounts. Today, more than 35 million users and 7,000+ customers – including Anthropic, Bloomberg, NVIDIA, Microsoft, and Salesforce – trust Grafana Labs to ensure reliability of their applications and systems, resolve incidents quickly, and optimize their telemetry to reduce noise and cost.
NewMechanical Engineer The LiRo GroupMechanical EngineerNewton, MA$90,000–$120,000 / yearRecently, Global Infrastructure Solutions Inc. (GISI), the parent company of The LiRo Group and Hill International, Inc. consolidated a portion of the highly experienced staff of both LiRo and Hill in the Northeast to create a larger, more efficient, and cost-effective team to serve clients. We work hard to build a corporate culture that empowers all our employees to freely share their ideas, know their presence, and contributions are truly valued, fostering a climate where our employees are enabled to maximize their full potential.
Senior Software Enigneer The Computer Merchant, LtdSenior Software EnigneerChelsea, MA$90–$95 / hourContractorWhile an hourly range is posted for this position, an eventual hourly rate is determined by a comprehensive salary analysis which considers multiple factors including but not limited to: job-related knowledge, skills and qualifications, education and experience as compared to others in the organization doing substantially similar work, if applicable, and market and business considerations. The Massachusetts Department of Revenue (MA DOR) through the ANF IT division seeks to enhance the security, scalability, and operational efficiency of its analytics environment through the migration of its on-premises SAS 9.4 platform to AWS.
Cybersecurity Engineer, Senior - Secret DCS CorporationCybersecurity Engineer, Senior - SecretBedford, MA$123,639–$210,000 / yearEssential Job Functions : Assist in the development of security documentation including System Security Management Plans, Program Protection Plans, Security Risk Analyses, OPSEC Plans, and other required system security engineering artifacts. The Electronic Systems System (ESS) Division aka Force Protection Division's mission responsibility is to manage and execute the modernization, design, development, testing, fielding, and sustainment of the various software and hardware within the ESS Portfolio.
Cybersecurity Engineer, Journeyman - Secret DCS CorporationCybersecurity Engineer, Journeyman - SecretBedford, MA$90,220–$185,000 / yearAssist in the development of security documentation including System Security Management Plans, Program Protection Plans, Security Risk Analyses, OPSEC Plans, and other required system security engineering artifacts. The Electronic Systems System (ESS) Division aka Force Protection Division's mission responsibility is to manage and execute the modernization, design, development, testing, fielding, and sustainment of the various software and hardware within the ESS Portfolio.
Senior Civil/Structural Engineer LeidosSenior Civil/Structural EngineerFramingham, MA$92,300–$166,850Clients requiring subject matter expertise consulting could include private equity, infrastructure and hedge funds, investment and commercial banks, private developers, legal and financial advisors, original equipment manufacturers, DOE, and EIA, among others. Our services include engineering, planning, project management, construction management, and commissioning for electric power substations and transmission and distribution lines; protection and controls design; and electrification programs.
Civil/Structural Engineer LeidosCivil/Structural EngineerFramingham, MARemote$73,450–$132,775Clients requiring subject matter expertise consulting could include private equity, infrastructure and hedge funds, investment and commercial banks, private developers, legal and financial advisors, original equipment manufacturers, DOE, and EIA, among others. Our services include engineering, planning, project management, construction management, and commissioning for electric power substations and transmission and distribution lines; protection and controls design; and electrification programs.
Senior Electrical Engineer The LiRo GroupSenior Electrical EngineerNewton, MA$150,000–$180,000 / yearRecently, Global Infrastructure Solutions Inc. (GISI), the parent company of The LiRo Group and Hill International, Inc. consolidated a portion of the highly experienced staff of both LiRo and Hill in the Northeast to create a larger, more efficient, and cost-effective team to serve clients. We work hard to build a corporate culture that empowers all our employees to freely share their ideas, know their presence, and contributions are truly valued, fostering a climate where our employees are enabled to maximize their full potential.
STS Senior Test Development Engineer P2 Butler America AerospaceSTS Senior Test Development Engineer P2Billerica, MA$80–$95 / hourContractorDesired Skills (Nice to Have)Experience with project leadership, project cost and schedule management, i.e. EVMS, MS ProjectDoW (DoD) project development life cycle processes. The individual comes up to speed quickly, has an impact on our projects developing test stations/fixtures/automated test software, has familiarity with a process heavy work environment.
STS Senior Test Development Engineer P3 Butler America AerospaceSTS Senior Test Development Engineer P3Billerica, MA$75–$85 / hourContractorDesired Skills (Nice to Have)Experience with project leadership, project cost and schedule management, i.e. EVMS, MS ProjectDoW (DoD) project development life cycle processes. The individual comes up to speed quickly, has an impact on our projects developing test stations/fixtures/automated test software, has familiarity with a process heavy work environment.
General/Interdisciplinary Engineer, Senior - Secret DCS CorporationGeneral/Interdisciplinary Engineer, Senior - SecretBedford, MA$90,220–$170,000 / yearConduct systems architectural analyses to include system design/design feasibility and state-of-the-art assessment to Produce architectures, document planned and existing systems, determine deficiencies, develop alternatives, recommend solutions, and support development of a plan to implement the chosen solution per acquisition and sustainment system engineering processes. Analysis of Alternatives (AoA), Systems Engineering Plan (SEP)…), systems review and analysis with written reporting, briefing, and artifact development as required for all of the technical specialty areas defined in this section; and the planning and execution of all necessary technical reviews, assessments, and interchange meetings (e.g.
NewCybersecurity Engineer DCS CorporationCybersecurity EngineerBedford, MA$90,220–$175,000 / yearUnder the Department of the Air Force Program Executive Office for Command, Control, Communication, and Battle Management (DAF PEO C3BM), Kessel Run technologies make up the DAF BATTLE NETWORK, the systems-of-systems designed to help the Joint Force make operational decisions faster than our adversaries. The Assured Compliance Assessment Solution (ACAS) Cybersecurity Engineer will be a member of the Air Operation Center (AOC) cybersecurity team and will be responsible for assisting with the implementation, maintenance, and operation of the Assured Compliance Assessment Solution (ACAS) suite of tools.
NewStaff AI Engineer Grafana LabsStaff AI EngineerBoston, MARemoteYoull define the technical direction for the automation platform—data models, API contracts, shared libraries, reference architectures—and partner with Data Engineering, GTM Systems, Field Operations, and GTM leadership to build scalable, self-service automation that eliminates manual work and drives operational efficiency. Today, more than 35 million users and 7,000+ customers – including Anthropic, Bloomberg, NVIDIA, Microsoft, and Salesforce – trust Grafana Labs to ensure reliability of their applications and systems, resolve incidents quickly, and optimize their telemetry to reduce noise and cost.