NewSenior Civil Engineer JobotSenior Civil EngineerRichmond, VA$110,000–$145,000 / yearInformation collected and processed as part of your Jobot candidate profile, and any job applications, resumes, or other information you choose to submit is subject to Jobot's Privacy Policy, as well as the Jobot California Worker Privacy Notice and Jobot Notice Regarding Automated Employment Decision Tools which are available at jobot.com/legal. The successful candidate will be involved in a wide array of projects, ranging from residential to commercial developments, land development, and roadway projects.
NewElectrical PE- 8+ years JobotElectrical PE- 8+ yearsMechanicsville, VA$110,000–$140,000 / yearProject Types Include: Military/DoD facilities, Healthcare, Federal, Justice, K–12, Higher Education, Corporate Commercial, Pharmacy, Retail, Multifamily & Assisted Living, Hospitality, Cultural & Historic, Data Centers, Industrial, and Residential. Information collected and processed as part of your Jobot candidate profile, and any job applications, resumes, or other information you choose to submit is subject to Jobot's Privacy Policy, as well as the Jobot California Worker Privacy Notice and Jobot Notice Regarding Automated Employment Decision Tools which are available at jobot.com/legal.
Senior Civil/Structural Engineer Progressive DesignSenior Civil/Structural EngineerMidlothian, VirginiaAs a full service, multi-discipline engineering consulting firm, we support manufacturing facilities and clients in many key areas including: EPC/Turnkey projects, project feasibility studies, process improvement analysis, new process design, process upgrades, air pollution abatement technology and integration, environmental compliance, product design, industrial capital projects, and detailed project/construction estimates. Founded in 1986 by Robert Ranson, Progressive Design has grown to become one of the largest privately held multi-discipline engineering firms in central Virginia.
NewMid-Level Structural Engineer - Bridges and Transportation RingMid-Level Structural Engineer - Bridges and TransportationRichmond, VASome weekly travel may be required on occasionAll new hires will be required to successfully complete and pass a pre-employment (post offer) background checkAbility to establish and maintain positive working relationships with co-workers, project managers, supervisors, and other team membersPhysical Requirements Majority of work is office based. As the successful new hire, you will have strong design skills, manage tasks and projects, mentor, and lead team members on highway (DOT) and pedestrian bridges; retaining walls; load rating, and other related structures.
Structural Engineer - Bridge - Entry Level Moffatt & NicholStructural Engineer - Bridge - Entry LevelRichmond, VAThe firm provides clients worldwide with customized service and a level of excellence that have become the firms hallmark in several primary practice areas - ports and harbors; coastal, environmental and water resources; urban waterfronts and marinas; transportation, bridges and rail; inspection and rehabilitation; and energy. For the 4th year in a row, Moffatt & Nichol is Ranked #1 in Engineering News-Record for Marine & Port Facilities in the U.S. Additionally, our firm consistently ranks in the Top 100 Pure Designers in the US and the Top 50 Designers in International Markets.
Building Structural Engineer - Entry Level Whitman, Requardt and Associates LLPBuilding Structural Engineer - Entry LevelRichmond, VACome join our collaborative team of engineers and architects on a variety of challenging projects, including buildings, industrial facilities, mission critical/secure facilities, water/wastewater plants, and waterfront facilities. A copy of current, or most recent, school transcript (If you are applying via a 3rd party site that does not allow attachments, please email transcript to careers@wrallp.com).
Building Structural Engineer Whitman, Requardt and Associates LLPBuilding Structural EngineerRichmond, VACome join our collaborative team of engineers and architects on a variety of challenging projects, including buildings, industrial facilities, mission critical/secure facilities, water/wastewater plants, and waterfront facilities. Conduct field investigations, develop concept designs, and create construction documents for clients across a broad range of markets, including Federal/Local Government, Industrial, and Manufacturing.
NewStructural Engineer TRC CompaniesStructural EngineerRichmond, VAExperience using computer assisted engineering and design software to prepare engineering and design documents (examples include software such as AutoCAD).Familiarity with current structural design codes such as IBC, ASCE, AWWA, and ACI.Demonstrated ability to use 3‑dimensional structural analysis and design using Risa‑3D or similar software. Create 3‑dimensional models of building structures using Revit software in collaboration with client Building Information Models (BIM).Actively involved in all structural project aspects including design/study development, construction management, project management, RFI's/RFPs/Submittals and client meetings, as needed.
Senior Structural Engineer 3 M.C. Dean IncSenior Structural Engineer 3Richmond, VAHeadquarters in Tysons, Virginia, M.C. Dean delivers resilient, secure, and innovative power and technology solutions through engineering expertise and smart systems integration. With over 7,000 employees, our capabilities span electrical, electronic security, telecommunications, life safety, automation and controls, audiovisual, and IT systems.
Principal Structural Engineer 4 M.C. Dean IncPrincipal Structural Engineer 4Richmond, VAHeadquarters in Tysons, Virginia, M.C. Dean delivers resilient, secure, and innovative power and technology solutions through engineering expertise and smart systems integration. With over 7,000 employees, our capabilities span electrical, electronic security, telecommunications, life safety, automation and controls, audiovisual, and IT systems.
Senior Structural Engineer M.C. Dean IncSenior Structural EngineerCaroline County, VAImportant openings include assemblers for our production lines and engineers and designers for products and continuous improvement. Guided by our core values-agility, expertise, and trust-we foster a collaborative and forward-thinking work environment for employees to build long-term careers.
Structural Engineer Rinker Design AssociatesStructural EngineerGlen Allen, Virginia$110,000–$125,000 / yearRinker Design Associates, LLC (RDA) , a leading provider of professional civil engineering to the public and private sectors, has excellent opportunities for motivated civil engineering professionals. Assist the local team to establish and maintain client relationships; ability to coordinate and communicate with clients to ensure project design objectives are met and achieve client satisfaction.
NewStructural Engineer Solar Energy SolutionsStructural EngineerRichmond, VAAbout Solar Energy Solutions: Formed in 2006, SES delivers cutting-edge renewable energy solutions throughout Kentucky, Indiana, Tennessee, Ohio, Illinois, and West Virginia. The ideal candidate should possess exceptional analytical skills and a deep understanding of structural engineering principles in the context of renewable energy systems.
Civil Project Engineer II/III - Renewable Energy Structural Design Timmons Group IncCivil Project Engineer II/III - Renewable Energy Structural DesignRichmond, VA$82,000–$90,000 / yearAs one of Engineering News Record's (ENR) Top 500 Design Firms for over 30 years, we are dedicated to being an employer of choice and providing our people with the best resources, technology, and culture to help them thrive in an engaging career development setting. With 21 offices throughout the Mid-Atlantic and Southeast, we provide civil engineering, environmental, economic development, GIS/geospatial technology, landscape architecture, and surveying services to a diverse client base.
NewSenior Structural Engineer Stantec IncSenior Structural EngineerRichmond, VAYou are responsible for developing and implementing an engineering discipline group equipped with up-to-date engineering and design tools and innovations, technical and supervisory capabilities and operating procedures to successfully and efficiently execute projects and consulting services resulting in client satisfaction and on-time delivery. Primary Location: United States | VA | Virginia Beach Other Locations: United States | VA | Richmond Organization: 2243 Water-US Delivery-Arlington VA Employee Status: Regular Business Justification: New Position Travel: No Schedule: Full time Job Posting: 11/06/2026 05:06:32 Req ID: 1002102.
Senior Structural (Bridge) Engineer Dewberry Engineers IncSenior Structural (Bridge) EngineerRichmond, VAThe team player we seek must have a BS degree in Civil Engineering (with an emphasis on Structural Engineering) and 10+ years of experience delivering structural and bridge projects for VDOT, MSHA, and/or other state and local agencies. The successful candidate will design simple and complex bridges (primarily of steel and concrete construction) and a variety of transportation related structures (retaining walls, culverts, sign structures and other ancillary structures).
NewStructural Engineer - Bridge - Entry Level Moffatt-Structural Engineer - Bridge - Entry LevelRichmond, VAThe firm provides clients worldwide with customized service and a level of excellence that have become the firm's hallmark in several primary practice areas – ports and harbors; coastal, environmental and water resources; urban waterfronts and marinas; transportation, bridges and rail; inspection and rehabilitation; and energy. For the 4th year in a row, Moffatt & Nichol is Ranked #1 in Engineering News-Record for Marine & Port Facilities in the U.S. Additionally, our firm consistently ranks in the Top 100 Pure Designers in the US and the Top 50 Designers in International Markets.
Bridge Inspection Team Leader, Senior Structural Engineer WSP Global IncBridge Inspection Team Leader, Senior Structural EngineerRichmond, VA$107,600–$159,800 / yearPhysically capable of performing continuous field work, including working at heights and in close quarters; climbing; carrying ladders and gear; working in adverse weather conditions; and working at night; around moving vehicles; etc. WSP is currently initiating a search for a Bridge Inspection Team Leader, Senior Structural Engineer to join our exceptional Bridge & Infrastructure Inspection Team in Virginia, which includes offices in Richmond, VA, and Virginia Beach, VA.
Senior Structural Engineer - Kiewit Power Engineering Group Kiewit CorpSenior Structural Engineer - Kiewit Power Engineering GroupRichmond, VAAs a Structural Design Engineer, you will be a part of a growing team that supports all aspects of the construction process by performing innovative design engineering through brainstorming conceptual designs, performing and/or reviewing structural calculations, developing plans, scheduling tasks to meet client needs, as well as mitigating risk to keep our construction crews safe. Kiewit Power Engineers brings various project types to life across North America, including gas-fired generation, power delivery, environmental retrofits, renewables and new technology, and water/wastewater.
Mid-Level Structural Engineer - Kiewit Power Engineering Group Kiewit CorpMid-Level Structural Engineer - Kiewit Power Engineering GroupRichmond, VAAs a Structural Design Engineer, you will be a part of a growing team that supports all aspects of the construction process by performing innovative design engineering through brainstorming conceptual designs, performing and/or reviewing structural calculations, developing plans, scheduling tasks to meet client needs, as well as mitigating risk to keep our construction crews safe. Kiewit Power Engineers brings various project types to life across North America, including gas-fired generation, power delivery, environmental retrofits, renewables and new technology, and water/wastewater.
Structural Engineer 3 Nuclear Sargent & Lundy LLCStructural Engineer 3 NuclearVA$74,353–$113,595 / yearIn this role, we expect people to be willing or able to solve problems using modern tools: You are expected to take engineering problems from issue to solution using data and modern tools such as automation and AI to improve workflows, reduce rework, and deliver cost-effective designs. Since 1954, we've been a trusted leader in nuclear engineering, design, and licensing, with expertise spanning small modular reactors (SMRs), advanced reactor technology (ART), and first-of-a-kind commercial reactor restart projects.
Senior Structural Engineer 1 - Nuclear Sargent & LundySenior Structural Engineer 1 - NuclearMineral, Virginia$84,762–$129,498 / yearFull timeAI & Automation at Sargent & Lundy: In this role, we expect people to be willing or able to lead others who use modern tools: You are expected to lead others in taking engineering problems from issue to solution by setting expectations for using data and modern tools such as automation and AI to improve workflows, reduce rework, and deliver cost-effective designs. You will work with a structural engineering team on engineering projects for new nuclear facilities and upgrades and modifications to nuclear power plants in the following areas: This position will offer you the ability to directly apply your knowledge of materials, structural analysis, structural steel design, and reinforced concrete design.
Structural Engineer 3 - Nuclear Sargent & LundyStructural Engineer 3 - NuclearMineral, Virginia$74,353–$113,595 / yearFull timeAI & Automation at Sargent & Lundy: In this role, we expect people to be willing or able to solve problems using modern tools: You are expected to take engineering problems from issue to solution using data and modern tools such as automation and AI to improve workflows, reduce rework, and deliver cost-effective designs. Since 1954, we’ve been a trusted leader in nuclear engineering, design, and licensing, with expertise spanning small modular reactors (SMRs), advanced reactor technology (ART), and first-of-a-kind commercial reactor restart projects.
Senior Structural Engineer 1 Nuclear Sargent & Lundy LLCSenior Structural Engineer 1 NuclearRichmond, VA$82,380–$125,860 / yearIn this role, we expect people to be willing or able to lead others who use modern tools: You are expected to lead others in taking engineering problems from issue to solution by setting expectations for using data and modern tools such as automation and AI to improve workflows, reduce rework, and deliver cost-effective designs. Leaders in these roles often direct automation and process-improvement work, for example, how teams automate calculations, summarize technical documents, or generate design documentation and guiding when and how AI or agentic AI tools are used while ensuring results are checked.
NewBridge Inspection Lead Senior Structural Engineer WSPBridge Inspection Lead Senior Structural EngineerRichmond, VAThis role requires 5-10 years of experience in structural engineering, and a Bachelor's degree in Structural or Civil Engineering is essential. You'll manage inspections, prepare load ratings, and collaborate with cross-functional teams on various projects.
Forensic Structural Engineer for Building Systems - Virginia RimkusForensic Structural Engineer for Building Systems - VirginiaRichmond, VARemoteThe employee is frequently required to stand, walk on sloped roofs, sit, climb ladders, bend, climb inside attics, crawl under homes and tunnels, balance, stoop, kneel, crouch, talk, hear, use handheld equipment and/or tools, and drive a motor vehicle to job sites. This includes gathering photographic evidence, conducting on-site investigations to document conditions, conducting in-person and/or telephone interviews, overseeing field testing, reviewing construction and/or design drawings, contracts, and/or specifications, and reviewing historical documentation.
Structural Engineer On-Board CompaniesStructural EngineerHopewell, VA$40–$57 / hourToday, On-Board is a thriving privately held family of companies with services including: Consulting, Professional Engineering, Industrial Maintenance and Facility Management, Contracted Manufacturing and Production Services, as well as Temporary Staffing and Recruiting throughout North America. This role involves providing structural engineering support for all phases of capital projects at chemical plants: initial planning and scoping, detailed engineering and design, and construction.
NewBridge Inspection Lead & Senior Structural Engineer WSP in the U.S.Bridge Inspection Lead & Senior Structural EngineerRichmond, VAIdeal candidates should have 5-10 years experience in bridge inspection, a bachelor's degree in structural or civil engineering, and a valid Nationally Certified Bridge Inspector certification. The position includes responsibilities such as conducting inspections, mentoring junior engineers, and coordinating cross-functional teams.
Senior Structural Engineer - Remote (LSNA-OH/IN/NC/PA/TX/VA) Jacobs Solutions IncSenior Structural Engineer - Remote (LSNA-OH/IN/NC/PA/TX/VA)Richmond, VARemoteChandler, Arizona, United States | 41488 | Advanced Manufacturing | Drafting and Design | Multiple Locations. Gurgaon, All IN Regions, India | 41498 | Life Science | Drafting and Design | Multiple Locations.
Structural Bridge Engineer VHBStructural Bridge EngineerRichmond, VA$85,000–$120,000 / yearAssist other engineers with a variety of assignments, such as the design and detailing of structures that support or resist loads (e.g., highway, pedestrian, and railroad bridges; commuter rail stations; marine structures; energy projects; retaining walls). VHB’s Structural Engineering group plays a critical role in enhancing connectivity through infrastructure projects, including complex bridge and interchange designs, rehabilitation and inspections, pedestrian walkways, and transit stations.
Lead Structural Engineer 1 - Nuclear Sargent & LundyLead Structural Engineer 1 - NuclearRichmond, Virginia$118,023–$180,313 / yearFull timeAI & Automation at Sargent & Lundy: In this role, we expect people to be willing or able to lead others who use modern tools: You are expected to lead others in taking engineering problems from issue to solution by setting expectations for using data and modern tools such as automation and AI to improve workflows, reduce rework, and deliver cost-effective designs. Leaders in these roles often direct automation and process-improvement work, for example, how teams automate calculations, summarize technical documents, or generate design documentation and guiding when and how AI or agentic AI tools are used while ensuring results are checked.
Lead Structural Engineer 1 Nuclear Sargent & Lundy LLCLead Structural Engineer 1 NuclearRichmond, VA$116,620–$179,890 / yearIn this role, we expect people to be willing or able to lead others who use modern tools: You are expected to lead others in taking engineering problems from issue to solution by setting expectations for using data and modern tools such as automation and AI to improve workflows, reduce rework, and deliver cost-effective designs. Leaders in these roles often direct automation and process-improvement work, for example, how teams automate calculations, summarize technical documents, or generate design documentation and guiding when and how AI or agentic AI tools are used while ensuring results are checked.
structural-engineer-substation-mid-atlantic-region Burns & McDonnellstructural-engineer-substation-mid-atlantic-regionRichmond, VADescription The Staff Structural Engineer will work on project teams to create world class designs for new projects alterations and redevelopments on a variety of projects including power process corporate healthcare pipeline airports institutional industrial manufacturing government and military facilities. Modify and review production drawings for a variety of projects including but not limited to power plants process facilities industrial facilities healthcare facilities airports educational institutions commercial and governmental and military facilities.
NewStructural Engineer - Substation (Mid Atlantic Region) Burns & McDonnellStructural Engineer - Substation (Mid Atlantic Region)Richmond, VADescriptionThe Staff Structural Engineer will work on project teams to create world class designs for new projects, alterations and redevelopments on a variety of projects including power, process, corporate, healthcare, pipeline airports, institutional, industrial, manufacturing, government and military facilities. Microsoft Office Suite).Strong computer skills include structural analysis programs (e.g., RISA 3D), AutoCAD, ETABS, SAFE and BIM (e.g., Revit and Tekla).Strong attention to detail, facilitation, team building, collaboration, organization and problem-solving skills.
NewBridge Inspection Lead Engineer & Senior Structural Engineer WSPBridge Inspection Lead Engineer & Senior Structural EngineerRichmond, VAWith a Bachelor's degree in engineering and 5 to 10 years of relevant experience, you will engage in fieldwork and maintain exemplary communication with team members. The ideal candidate will take on people leadership responsibilities and guide junior team members while leading various inspection-related projects.
Structural Engineer 3 - Grid Sargent & LundyStructural Engineer 3 - GridRichmond, Virginia$74,353–$113,595 / yearFull timeAI & Automation at Sargent & Lundy: In this role, we expect people to be willing or able to solve problems using modern tools: You are expected to take engineering problems from issue to solution using data and modern tools such as automation and AI to improve workflows, reduce rework, and deliver cost-effective designs. Essential skills and experience: This position requires a BSCE or MSCE from an ABET Engineering Accreditation Commission-approved program with a strong academic background in behavior of materials, structural analysis, structural steel design, and reinforced concrete design.
NewJunior Bridge Engineer: Structural Design & Analysis Moffatt-Junior Bridge Engineer: Structural Design & AnalysisRichmond, VAThis role involves utilizing structural analysis software like STAAD and SAP2000 while collaborating with a team to complete design tasks. Moffatt- in Richmond, VA is seeking an Entry Level Structural Engineer specializing in bridge design.
Senior Structural Project Engineer, Buildings SidaraSenior Structural Project Engineer, BuildingsRichmond, VirginiaTYLin is a globally recognized, full-service infrastructure consulting firm committed to providing innovative, cost-effective, constructible designs for the global infrastructure market. Structural design and analysis for a wide range of buildings projects, involving steel, concrete, masonry, wood, and archaic building systems.
Structural Bridge Engineer Vanasse Hangen Brustlin IncStructural Bridge EngineerRichmond, VAAssist other engineers with a variety of assignments, such as the design and detailing of structures that support or resist loads (e.g., highway, pedestrian, and railroad bridges; commuter rail stations; marine structures; energy projects; retaining walls). VHB's Structural Engineering group plays a critical role in enhancing connectivity through infrastructure projects, including complex bridge and interchange designs, rehabilitation and inspections, pedestrian walkways, and transit stations.
NewSenior Structural & Bridge Engineer Lead Projects Virginia Department of TransportationSenior Structural & Bridge Engineer Lead ProjectsMechanicsville, VAThe ideal candidate will possess a degree in Civil or Structural Engineering, strong communication skills, and experience with structural design and project management.#J-18808-Ljbffr. This role involves providing expertise, communicating with stakeholders, and ensuring compliance with AASHTO specifications while overseeing engineering projects.
Structural (Bridge) Engineer Dewberry Engineers IncStructural (Bridge) EngineerRichmond, VAThe successful candidate will be part of a team designing simple and complex bridges (primarily concrete and steel construction) and a variety of transportation related structures (retaining walls, culverts, and other ancillary structures). Only recipients of an offer of employment from Dewberry, will be required to submit to a background screening which may include, but is not limited to, employment verification, educational and other credential verification, driving record check, criminal background check, and an investigative consumer report.
Senior Structural Project Engineer, Buildings T.Y. Lin International Group LtdSenior Structural Project Engineer, BuildingsRichmond, VATYLin is a globally recognized, full-service infrastructure consulting firm committed to providing innovative, cost-effective, constructible designs for the global infrastructure market. DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES: Structural design and analysis for a wide range of buildings projects, involving steel, concrete, masonry, wood, and archaic building systems.
Professional Engineer - Structural Forensics (Richmond, VA) (56916) Applied Technical Services IncProfessional Engineer - Structural Forensics (Richmond, VA) (56916)Richmond, VAU.S. Forensic tailors its consulting engineering services to meet each client's unique needs, and its experienced forensic engineers and investigators support a wide range of industries. U.S. Forensic, LLC, an ATS Family of Companies, assists commercial and industrial clients by performing forensic evaluations, reporting, and expert witness testimony.
Structural - Project Engineer Wiley|WilsonStructural - Project EngineerRichmond, VAWiley|Wilson is a full-service architecture-engineering firm, specializing in creating innovative and functional design solutions for our government, institutional, and private-sector clients around the world. We prioritize work-life balance with benefits such as 80 hours of parental leave for the birth of a child or newly adopted child, a hybrid work schedule, and accommodations for individuals with disabilities.
NewRemote Senior Forensic Engineer Civil/Structural Y A GroupRemote Senior Forensic Engineer Civil/StructuralRichmond, VARemote$140,000–$275,000 / yearA professional services organization is seeking a Senior Level Professional Engineer to oversee investigative projects across the US. Candidates should possess an active PE license and a Bachelor's degree, with at least 10 years in forensic engineering.
Senior Structural Engineer 2 Grid Sargent & Lundy LLCSenior Structural Engineer 2 GridRichmond, VA$100,019–$152,807 / yearIn this role, we expect people to be willing or able to lead others who use modern tools: You are expected to lead others in taking engineering problems from issue to solution by setting expectations for using data and modern tools such as automation and AI to improve workflows, reduce rework, and deliver cost-effective designs. Leaders in these roles often direct automation and process-improvement work, for example, how teams automate calculations, summarize technical documents, or generate design documentation and guiding when and how AI or agentic AI tools are used while ensuring results are checked.
Senior Structural Engineer 2 - Grid Sargent & LundySenior Structural Engineer 2 - GridRichmond, Virginia$100,019–$152,807 / yearFull timeAI & Automation at Sargent & Lundy: In this role, we expect people to be willing or able to lead others who use modern tools: You are expected to lead others in taking engineering problems from issue to solution by setting expectations for using data and modern tools such as automation and AI to improve workflows, reduce rework, and deliver cost-effective designs. Leaders in these roles often direct automation and process-improvement work, for example, how teams automate calculations, summarize technical documents, or generate design documentation and guiding when and how AI or agentic AI tools are used while ensuring results are checked.
Civil/Structural/Architectural Department Manager Progressive DesignCivil/Structural/Architectural Department ManagerMidlothian, VirginiaAs a full service, multi-discipline engineering consulting firm, we support manufacturing facilities and clients in many key areas including: EPC/Turnkey projects, project feasibility studies, process improvement analysis, new process design, process upgrades, air pollution abatement technology and integration, environmental compliance, product design, industrial capital projects, and detailed project/construction estimates. Possess ability to develop General Arrangements and Equipment Arrangements by working with other discipline designers and engineers to obtain the required vendor equipment and code requirements such as egress, egress travel paths, and electrical/mechanical equipment clearances.
Structural Engineering Senior Manager Bowman Consulting Group LtdStructural Engineering Senior ManagerRichmond, VA$121,000–$194,000 / yearIt is an opportunity to be part of a diverse and engaged community of professionals, to be treated as a respected and valued member of a motivated team and to be empowered to do exceptional work that advances the best interest of everyone involved. Frequent and prolonged use of data collection equipment and/or drones, necessitating walking the assigned study area to complete data collection over the course of several hours.
Structural Engineering Senior Manager Bowman Consulting Group, Ltd.Structural Engineering Senior ManagerRichmond, Virginia$122,000–$158,000 / yearFull timeIt is an opportunity to be part of a diverse and engaged community of professionals, to be treated as a respected and valued member of a motivated team and to be empowered to do exceptional work that advances the best interest of everyone involved. Frequent and prolonged use of data collection equipment and/or drones, necessitating walking the assigned study area to complete data collection over the course of several hours.