End-to-End Link Modeling: Build and maintain MATLAB/Python models of the full link across electrical and optical media: channel response (backplane, copper cable, chip-to-chip, fiber), TX/RX impairments, jitter (RJ/DJ/BUJ), crosstalk, reflections, optical impairments (CD, PMD, laser phase noise, optical SNR), ADC/DAC quantization, and FEC performance under realistic BER/FLR targets. Architecture & Roadmap: Define DSP and system architecture for 448G and post-448G SerDes IP across electrical and optical interfaces - including ADC/DAC-based transceiver partitioning, modulation choice (PAM4/PAM6, IM-DD, coherent), and FEC strategy - and shape long-term roadmap toward 1.6T and 3.2T link aggregates.