Design, stand up, and operate HITL (hardware-in-the-loop) lab environments that represent airline cabins: routers/APs, client devices, authentication backends, traffic generators, and RF/isolation fixtures; use the lab to prove architecture before fleet rollout. Define and verify passenger authentication and hotspot security: WPA2/WPA3-Enterprise, Passpoint (Hotspot 2.0 / IEEE 802.11u), ANQP, EAP methods (TTLS, TLS, AKA/AKA''), OpenRoaming where relevant, and crew/ops network isolation.