solicit information about the contents of test items on an examination that the educator, candidate, or other test taker has not already taken from an individual who has had access to those items, or offer information about the contents of specific test items on an examination to individuals who have not yet taken the examination; or . Recognize and discuss various types of bias (e.g., implicit bias, cultural bias, leniency bias, central tendency bias, halo effect) and effect strategies to reduce personal biases in scoring.