Senior Software Engineer, Identity & Access Management DigitalOcean LLCSenior Software Engineer, Identity & Access ManagementBoston, MARemote$140,800–$176,000 / yearIAM is the bedrock of trust at DigitalOcean; our services sit in the critical path of every request, authorizing billions of transactions per second with single-digit millisecond latency. Architect for Scale: Design and develop high-availability, low-latency authentication and authorization services in Go that scale to handle massive load spikes across global regions.
NewSenior Software Engineer Click TherapeuticsSenior Software EngineerBoston, MA$172,200–$224,300 / yearConsistently named a best place to work, Click fosters an inclusive, diverse workforce of innovators, clinicians, scientists, researchers, designers, technologists, engineers and more, united in a common mission to provide patients everywhere access to safe and effective prescription digital therapeutics. Click Therapeutics may at its business discretion decide to or refrain from obtaining, maintaining and/or extending the temporary visa status and/or sponsoring a colleague for permanent residency and /or employment eligibility, considering factors such as availability of qualified U.S. workers and the colleague's long-term prospects for securing lawful permanent residence, among other reasons.
API Security Engineer ModernaTXAPI Security EngineerCambridge, MassachusettsWe are proud to have been recognized as a Science Magazine Top Biopharma Employer, a Fast Company Best Workplace for Innovators, and a Great Place to Work in the U.S. If you want to make a difference and join a team that is changing the future of medicine, we invite you to visit modernatx.com/careers to learn more about our current opportunities. This role also calls for someone who is forward thinking about how identity and trust models are evolving, including how to secure service identities, machine-to-machine access, and emerging agentic patterns where software agents interact with APIs, tools, and sensitive data on behalf of users or systems.
Sr. Power Platform & AI Engineer ModernaTXSr. Power Platform & AI EngineerCambridge, MassachusettsWe are proud to have been recognized as a Science Magazine Top Biopharma Employer, a Fast Company Best Workplace for Innovators, and a Great Place to Work in the U.S. If you want to make a difference and join a team that is changing the future of medicine, we invite you to visit modernatx.com/careers to learn more about our current opportunities. Experience designing end-to-end Power Platform solutions that combine Power Apps, Power Automate, Copilot Studio, Microsoft 365, Dataverse, APIs, and enterprise systems.
Software Engineer II (Mobile Developer - Android/Kotlin) - Mobile App Growth KlaviyoSoftware Engineer II (Mobile Developer - Android/Kotlin) - Mobile App GrowthBoston, MA$116,000–$174,000 / yearIn addition to base salary, our total compensation package may include participation in the company's annual cash bonus plan, variable compensation (OTE) for sales and customer success roles, equity, sign-on payments, and a comprehensive range of health, welfare, and wellbeing benefits based on eligibility. Bonus: experience building or maintaining an SDK/library (versus an app), exposure to iOS/Swift or backend services, familiarity with push notification/messaging systems, or contributions to open source.
Principal Mechanical Engineer Reframe SystemsPrincipal Mechanical EngineerAndover, MassachusettsOur cross-disciplinary team brings together architecture, robotics, design engineering, software, factory operations, and field delivery to change how housing gets delivered. Through our vertically integrated delivery model and highly automated microfactories, we deliver climate-resilient homes and buildings with greater speed and predictability than traditional construction.
Electromechanical Sustaining Engineer Hydration Labs IncElectromechanical Sustaining EngineerBoston, MA$104,465–$129,045 / yearIn this role, you''ll lead first-pass electrical and firmware investigations, drive root cause and corrective action on electromechanical failures, and act as the technical bridge between our mechanical, electrical, firmware, and software teams. You''ll take sustaining projects from initial analysis through change release - diagnosing problems, scoping the engineering work cleanly, and partnering with the EE and firmware development teams to implement and verify fixes.
Senior Data Engineer, AWS Data Platform Idexx Laboratories IncSenior Data Engineer, AWS Data PlatformMA$110,000–$130,000 / yearAn innovation leader in every industry we serve, we follow our Purpose and Guiding Principles to help pet owners worldwide keep their companion animals healthy and happy, to ensure safe drinking water for billions, and to help farmers protect livestock and poultry from diseases. This role centers on operational, near-real-time data pipelines, streaming ingestion, AWS-native compute, and API-driven data flows (using Kinesis, Glue/Spark, Lambda, and related services).
Senior IT Systems Engineer Evolv Technologies IncSenior IT Systems EngineerWaltham, MARemote$120,000–$196,000 / yearCybersecurity & Risk Reduction: Implement and continuously improve security controls across endpoint, identity, network, and cloud layers aligned to frameworks such as CIS Controls, NIST CSF, or SOC 2. Assess technology risks throughout the company and recommend solutions to support business continuity and data protection. Gain familiarity with the current IT toolstack: Microsoft 365, endpoint management (Intune/Jamf), cloud infrastructure (AWS/Azure), network infrastructure (Palo Alto, Cisco, & Meraki), identity management (Okta, Entra ID, Linx) and core SaaS platforms.
Lead People Systems Engineer KlaviyoLead People Systems EngineerBoston, MA$140,000–$210,000 / yearIn addition to base salary, our total compensation package may include participation in the company's annual cash bonus plan, variable compensation (OTE) for sales and customer success roles, equity, sign-on payments, and a comprehensive range of health, welfare, and wellbeing benefits based on eligibility. You'll partner across People Operations, Talent Acquisition, Talent, and Finance to design and build intelligent systems that transform how we hire, develop, retain, and support Klaviyos globally.
Senior Data & AI Engineer Material BankSenior Data & AI EngineerBoston, MAYou'll be the technical lead defining how we build AI agents, with direct access to the teams interfacing with Snowflake with room to influence architecture decisions, and the chance to work across the full AI stack from data modeling and semantic layers to agent orchestration and production operations. Flexible Work Schedules : With business units and employees across the globe, Material Technologies has embraced a hybrid working model allowing department leaders to decide on the best approach for their respective teams, whether that be remote, in person, or a little of both.
DFMA Engineer Reframe SystemsDFMA EngineerAndover, MassachusettsThrough our vertically integrated delivery model and highly automated microfactories, we deliver climate resilient homes and buildings with greater speed and predictability than traditional construction. Our cross-disciplinary team brings together architecture, robotics, design engineering, software, factory operations, and field delivery to change how housing gets delivered.
Construction Integration Engineer (DFMA) - Offsite Modular Construction Reframe SystemsConstruction Integration Engineer (DFMA) - Offsite Modular ConstructionAndover, MassachusettsTranslate digital building models (BIM/CAD) and design intent into integrated work packages and detailed assembly sequences for the factory floor (our Process Definition Table, PDT), enabling efficient and repeatable production. If you have deep experience in construction or the trades and a passion for using technology to build better, this is a rare chance to help invent how America builds climate-ready housing.
Senior Software Engineer - Customer Agent KlaviyoSenior Software Engineer - Customer AgentBoston, MA$148,000–$222,000 / yearIn addition to base salary, our total compensation package may include participation in the company’s annual cash bonus plan, variable compensation (OTE) for sales and customer success roles, equity, sign-on payments, and a comprehensive range of health, welfare, and wellbeing benefits based on eligibility. The Customer Agent team is building one of Klaviyo’s most ambitious and strategic product areas: an extensible AI platform that enables brands to deliver personalized, autonomous customer experiences across channels like chat, email, SMS, and beyond.
Software Dev Engineer II Akraya Inc.Software Dev Engineer IIBoston, MANo Bill rate Business Purpose Assist with development of GenAI Compliance Model High Risk Request Additional Details Position Details Remote Possibility/Location BOS17 Potential for extension or Conversion Yes Headcount and Special Submittal Requirements: Travel expectations if applicable None Additional Expenses Parking Lot (unpaid) Manager Communication Preferences Preferred PMO communication method Email/Slack HM open to supplier contact? Agentic AI Development Candidate Review & Selection Number of Interviews 3 Type of Interviews 1 with HM, 2 with Engineers on the team Extra interview prep for candidate Background Check and Request Logistics Request Summary (For Program Office Use Only) Paste Below Contents into Job Description Field for Supplier Visibility Will the contractor drive an Amazon issued vehicle?.
Backend Engineer ModulateBackend EngineerSomerville, MA$140,000–$170,000 / yearWe are building a self-serve Conversation Intelligence Platform — APIs, workflows, and applications that bring voice understanding to customers at enterprise scale. Our products help detect harm, prevent fraud, and build safer, more trusted online and real-world voice environments.
Senior Software Engineer, Composer AI Product KlaviyoSenior Software Engineer, Composer AI ProductBoston, MA$148,000–$222,000 / yearIn addition to base salary, our total compensation package may include participation in the company’s annual cash bonus plan, variable compensation (OTE) for sales and customer success roles, equity, sign-on payments, and a comprehensive range of health, welfare, and wellbeing benefits based on eligibility. Base Pay Range For US Locations: $148,000—$222,000 USD This role may require up to 10% travel for purposes such as new hire onboarding, client or partner work if applicable, team meetings, and industry events.
Staff Fullstack Engineer ModulateStaff Fullstack EngineerSomerville, MA$180,000–$200,000 / yearThis version keeps the Fullstack Engineer title while making it immediately obvious that the role is backend-first , which should attract candidates who enjoy working across the stack but primarily want to build APIs, services, and platform infrastructure. While you'll work across the stack when needed, the majority of your time will be spent designing, building, and scaling backend services that bring our ML-powered voice technology to customers.
Staff Backend Engineer ModulateStaff Backend EngineerSomerville, MA$180,000–$200,000 / yearWe are building a self-serve Conversation Intelligence Platform — APIs, workflows, and applications that bring voice understanding to customers at enterprise scale. Our products help detect harm, prevent fraud, and build safer, more trusted online and real-world voice environments.
Design Automation Engineer, Architecture Reframe SystemsDesign Automation Engineer, ArchitectureAndover, MassachusettsLonger-term, it's shipping the features that make the architect-plus-developer loop 10x faster: generation of compliant, priced design options organized as a tree, with real-time pro-forma recalculated at every branch; zoning and code compliance checked at every design decision; a predictive AHJ model that tunes each permit submission to the jurisdiction and reviewer before filing. Near-term, that's Revit automation: cutting value-engineering and costing iterations from days to hours, and fixing the exchange layer with external structural, MEP, and electrical consultants so they don't bottleneck us or lock us into their stack.
Senior IT Engineer (Onsite) AxonSenior IT Engineer (Onsite)Boston, MA$137,250–$219,600 / yearThis is a hands-on individual contributor role for an experienced engineer who can lead complex technical workstreams, operate independently, and partner cross-functionally across IT, Security, Legal, People Operations, and business teams. p]:inline">Manage Google Workspace administration across Drive governance, Gmail administration, DLP policy, domain migrations, Vault, retention policies, litigation holds, eDiscovery, Context-Aware Access, and audit log monitoring.
Senior Product Quality Engineer ANDURIL INDUSTRIESSenior Product Quality EngineerLexington, MA$146,000–$194,000 / yearWorking knowledge of Quality core tools such as Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA), Root Cause and Corrective Action (RCCA/8D), Change Management, Advanced Product Quality Planning (APQP), Production Part Approval Process (PPAP) and Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T). Work cross-functionally to define and execute the product roadmap, partnering with production to ensure incoming material inspection, process control plans and end of line tests capture the essential quality requirements for successful customer shipments.
Senior Manufacturing Quality Engineer ANDURIL INDUSTRIESSenior Manufacturing Quality EngineerLexington, MA$146,000–$194,000 / yearWorking knowledge of Quality core tools such as Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA), Root Cause and Corrective Action (RCCA/8D), Change Management, Advanced Product Quality Planning (APQP), Production Part Approval Process (PPAP) and Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T). Work cross-functionally to define and execute the product roadmap, partnering with production to ensure incoming material inspection, process control plans and end of line tests capture the essential quality requirements for successful customer shipments.
Electrical Engineer Merlin LabsElectrical EngineerBoston, MAProvide guidance to other electrical engineers and technicians across the team working on electrical and electronic aspects of the system architecture and schematics including power, computer, electro-mechanical, interconnect systems, wireless communications, cable harnesses, packaging, cable routing, and user interfaces and controls. If you require reasonable accommodation in completing an application, interviewing, completing any pre-employment testing, or otherwise participating in the employee selection process, please direct your inquiries to: people@merlinlabs.com
Senior Software Engineer - Boston TravelPerk S.L.Senior Software Engineer - BostonBoston, MA$140,000–$170,000 / yearWhether its coordinating a cross-squad initiative, contributing to one of our engineering guilds (where engineers from different teams align on shared technical topics), or pairing with architects on solution discovery, youll operate comfortably beyond your immediate team. Youll become a guardian of your teams technical quality; spotting areas of investment, proactively managing technical debt, and making sure we dont let "busy work" crowd out the work that truly matters.
Senior Software Engineer - Boston TravelPerkSenior Software Engineer - BostonBoston, MA$140,000–$170,000 / yearWhether it's coordinating a cross-squad initiative, contributing to one of our engineering guilds (where engineers from different teams align on shared technical topics), or pairing with architects on solution discovery, you'll operate comfortably beyond your immediate team. All official communication from Perk will always come from email addresses ending in @perk.com or @externalperk.com, our verified social media channels, or recruiters listed on our official LinkedIn page.
Senior Software Engineer - Cyber Integrated Computer SolutionsSenior Software Engineer - CyberWaltham, MassachusettsIntegrated Computer Solutions, Inc. is seeking an experienced and highly motivated Senior Software Engineer to focus on secure medical device software and embedded systems in our Waltham, MA office. This role offers the opportunity to work at the intersection of embedded systems, cybersecurity, and regulated medical technology, helping organizations bring secure and compliant products to market.
Senior Site Planner | Project Engineer – Facility Planning (Hybrid | Remote) Confidential Recruiting PartnersSenior Site Planner | Project Engineer – Facility Planning (Hybrid | Remote)Littleton, MassachusettsRemoteThis role acts as the primary technical liaison between customers, architects, engineers, and internal teams to ensure facilities are properly designed and prepared for successful system installation. Our client is seeking a Senior Site Planner| Project Engineer to lead facility planning and coordination for complex capital‑equipment installations.
Electrical Senior Project Engineer Affiliated Engineers, Inc.Electrical Senior Project EngineerBoston, Massachusetts$140,000–$155,000 / yearAEI consistently earns national recognition from leading industry publications, including Building Design+Construction, Engineering News-Record, and Consulting-Specifying Engineer, with distinctions such as being named the #1 Laboratory Engineering Firm in the nation and receiving multiple Best of the Best Project awards, underscoring the lasting legacy of our work. As an Electrical Senior Project Engineer in our Boston office, you will help us empower our clients to achieve energy-efficient building solutions, save global environments, and create a better, greener future for all.
Staff Engineer - Full Time - Remote Experity IncStaff Engineer - Full Time - RemoteMARemote$121,400–$161,500 / yearExperity is a mission-driven team transforming on-demand healthcare across the U.S., empowering urgent care clinics with industry-leading software that makes care faster, easier, and more patient-focused. Joining us means doing meaningful work that directly improves the healthcare experience for millions-from helping families access care quickly to ensuring clinics run smoothly behind the scenes.
Entry Level Transportation Engineer Trilon GroupEntry Level Transportation EngineerBoston, MARemote$80,000–$105,000 / yearWe''re looking for an early-career Transportation Engineer to join our Transportation Department in Hartford, CT, and get real experience across a variety of roadway and traffic design projects - not just supporting work, but actual design contributions from the start. Over six months, you''ll build professional development, business acumen, and project delivery skills through real case studies, simulations, and role-play - not passive lectures - culminating in an in-person capstone event where you''ll present your work and map out your goals for the year ahead.
Senior Software Engineer, Security Products DigitalOceanSenior Software Engineer, Security ProductsBoston, MARemote$140,800–$176,000 / yearAs a member of the team, you will be a Shark who thinks big, bold, and scrappy, like an owner with a bias for action and a powerful sense of responsibility for customers, products, employees, and decisions. In this pivotal role, you will be instrumental in designing, building, and maintaining robust security products and infrastructure that protect Digital Ocean's platform and our customers' data.
Staff Full Stack Software Engineer- Orbit Platform Boston Dynamics, inc.Staff Full Stack Software Engineer- Orbit PlatformWaltham, MA$140,000–$170,000 / yearIn this role, you will be part of the software platform team that works closely with product managers on key Orbit features, as well as developers across Spot, Atlas, and Stretch software teams that build upon platform features. As a Full-Stack Software Engineer on the Orbit Platform team at Boston Dynamics, you will build core features for Orbit - the orchestration and intelligence software for all of Boston Dynamics' robots.
Software Engineer - AI & Cloud Engineering (Early To Mid Career Flexcompute Inc.Software Engineer - AI & Cloud Engineering (Early To Mid CareerWatertown, MAYou will collaborate closely with experienced engineers, product leaders, and simulation experts while helping shape the next generation of engineering software and AI-enabled workflows. Our products are utilized by companies in designing and optimizing technology products, with applications ranging from designing airplanes and cars to wind turbines and quantum computing chips.
NewSenior Staff DFM Manufacturing Engineer Boston Dynamics, inc.Senior Staff DFM Manufacturing EngineerWaltham, MA$135,000–$167,000 / yearHow you will make an impact: DFM/DFA Collaboration: Lead DFX efforts with design engineering teams throughout product development to provide expert DFM and DFA input for machined components, ensuring they can be efficiently produced and serviced. Root Cause Analysis: Lead troubleshooting efforts for system and process related issues, identifying root causes and implementing corrective actions to improve yield and part quality.
Quantum Photonics Engineer QunettQuantum Photonics EngineerBoston, MAThis role is highly hands-on, focused on designing, assembling, and characterizing laser-driven nonlinear/quantum optical experiments that generate and measure biphotons (SPDC) and support system integration (filtering, stabilization, coupling, and detection). Experience building and troubleshooting optical setups: free-space and fiber coupling, ABCD matrix analysis and implementation, beam shaping, polarization management, interferometers, and low-noise detection.
NewSoftware Engineer - AI & Cloud Engineering (Early to Mid Career) Flexcompute Inc.Software Engineer - AI & Cloud Engineering (Early to Mid Career)Watertown, MAYou will collaborate closely with experienced engineers, product leaders, and simulation experts while helping shape the next generation of engineering software and AI-enabled workflows. Our products are utilized by companies in designing and optimizing technology products, with applications ranging from designing airplanes and cars to wind turbines and quantum computing chips.
Senior Product Software Engineer, Cloud & AI (.Net/Azure) Wolters KluwerSenior Product Software Engineer, Cloud & AI (.Net/Azure)Waltham, MA$92,700–$161,850 / yearWe've been recognized by employees as a European Diversity Leader in the Financial Times, as one of Forbes America's Best Employers for Diversity in 2022, 2021 and 2020 and as one of Forbes America's Best Employers for Women in 2021, 2020, 2019 and 2018. Wolters Kluwer, Finance and Corporate Compliance division, ComplianceOne is a highly configurable document generation solution and loan processing system that provides you with access to a wide range of features.
Senior Engineer, Transmission System Planning (Hybrid) Eversource EnergySenior Engineer, Transmission System Planning (Hybrid)MA$129,450–$143,830 / yearEmploys teamwork with engineers in System Planning, Transmission Asset Strategy, and engineers and operating personnel elsewhere in Electric Operations in performing analyses and providing technical support in planning and operational environments. Essential Functions: Develop and maintain the system models for transmission studies including collection, review and/or modification of a variety of electric system parameters: equipment ratings, impedances, contingency sets, protection and control parameters, as well as system topology.
NewPrincipal DevOps Engineer II Idexx Laboratories IncPrincipal DevOps Engineer IIMA$140,000–$160,000 / yearBeyond your embedded role, you lead the DXSE DevOps Squad - a group of 3-4 senior DevOps engineers embedded across Diagnostic Software Engineering teams - blending hands-on engineering with squad leadership, coaching, and organizational influence. An innovation leader in every industry we serve, we follow our Purpose and Guiding Principles to help pet owners worldwide keep their companion animals healthy and happy, to ensure safe drinking water for billions, and to help farmers protect livestock and poultry from diseases.
NewLead Software Engineer - Dev Ops Granite Solutions Groupe IncLead Software Engineer - Dev OpsBoston, MAThis role requires a strong technical leader who can quickly understand complex systems, drive execution, mentor engineers, and partner effectively across technology and business teams. 10+ years of experience designing, developing, and supporting enterprise technology platforms, including significant exposure to DevOps, SRE, or platform engineering practices.
NewLead QE Engineer Granite Solutions Groupe IncLead QE EngineerBoston, MAYou'll work closely with technology team members and business partners to deliver resilient systems and continuously improve how we build and test software. About the Opportunity: GSG is seeking a Lead Quality Engineer to join our Trading Platform Engineering team within Investment Implementation & Trading (IIT) Technology.
Electrical Engineer III/IV Specter AerospaceElectrical Engineer III/IVBoston, MAA successful candidate will work closely with electrical, embedded software, GNC, mechanical, and test engineers to develop systems that support Specter's experimental and flight vehicle programs. Specter is headquartered just north of Boston in Peabody, MA where it leverages its advanced propulsion technologies, manufacturing, and testing capabilities to rapidly develop supersonic and hypersonic systems.
Electrical Engineer Level I/II Specter AerospaceElectrical Engineer Level I/IIBoston, MAA successful candidate will work closely with electrical, embedded software, GNC, mechanical, and test engineers to develop systems that support Specter's experimental and flight vehicle programs. Specter is headquartered just north of Boston in Peabody, MA where it leverages its advanced propulsion technologies, manufacturing, and testing capabilities to rapidly develop supersonic and hypersonic systems.
Software Engineer II (Frontend) Scribd, IncSoftware Engineer II (Frontend)Boston, MAIn the United States, outside of California, the reasonably expected salary range is between $103,000 [minimum salary in our lowest US geographic market outside of California] to $185,500 [maximum salary in our highest US geographic market outside of California]. For us, it also serves as a practical framework for how we work: setting and achieving Goals, delivering Results within your role, contributing Innovative ideas and solutions, and strengthening the broader Team through collaboration and attitude.
Backend Software Engineer - Human-Robot Interaction Pickle Robot CoBackend Software Engineer - Human-Robot InteractionMA$120,000–$170,000 / yearPickle is looking for a Backend Software Engineer to join our Human-Robot Interaction team, focused on building scalable systems that support task planning and robotic workflows. We''re looking for a strong software engineer who cares deeply about code quality, system design, and performance - someone who can bring solid backend engineering practices into a robotics environment and isn''t afraid to get close to the hardware.
AI Engineer Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Massachusetts IncAI EngineerBoston, MA$140,310–$171,490 / year1+ years of hands-on expertise in developing agentic solutions, with strong knowledge of cloud services (AWS, Azure, Google Cloud) and MLOps tools (like Docker and Kubernetes). An employee's pay position within the salary range will be based on several factors including, but limited to, relevant education, qualifications, certifications, experience, skills, performance, shift, travel requirements, sales or revenue-based metrics, and business or organizational needs and affordability.
Sr. AI Engineer Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Massachusetts IncSr. AI EngineerHingham, MA$151,200–$184,800 / year1+ years of hands-on expertise in developing agentic solutions, with strong knowledge of cloud services (AWS, Azure, Google Cloud) and MLOps tools (like Docker and Kubernetes). An employee's pay position within the salary range will be based on several factors including, but limited to, relevant education, qualifications, certifications, experience, skills, performance, shift, travel requirements, sales or revenue-based metrics, and business or organizational needs and affordability.
Principal Embedded Software Engineer Lexington Medical, Inc.Principal Embedded Software EngineerBedford, MA$180,000–$220,000 / yearThe embedded software operates under tight real-time, safety-critical constraints, directly driving electromechanical subsystems where milliseconds and failure modes matter, and you will be in the lab working through hardware-software integration issues alongside electrical and mechanical engineers, not just reviewing designs from a distance. This is a hands-on role: you will be building the embedded software for our surgical stapling platform yourself, writing code, integrating drivers, and debugging at the hardware level, while also owning the technical architecture and setting the long-term direction for embedded systems across the platform.
Senior Infrastructure and Systems Engineer Kymera TherapeuticsSenior Infrastructure and Systems EngineerWatertown, MAThis role provides technical leadership for the organization's endpoint computing platform and broader infrastructure within a hybrid Microsoft ecosystem, serving as the senior engineering resource responsible for designing, implementing, securing, and optimizing endpoint management technologies while acting as the highest level of technical escalation for complex infrastructure issues. Having advanced the first degrader into the clinic for immunological diseases, Kymera is focused on building an industry-leading pipeline of oral small molecule degraders to provide a new generation of convenient, highly effective therapies for patients with these conditions.