102 Results for

Chemical Engineering Jobs in Oklahoma

Jobs

Claremore, OK

li>Supervise Engineering and Construction contractors to ensure that all plant replacements, modifications, and additions are performed in strict conformity with design specifications and applicable code requirements.

5+ years of experience in project execution in a nitrogen fertilizer manufacturing plant, chemical manufacturing facility or refinery (preferred).

28 days ago

Tulsa, OK

li>Support the flare gas recovery product line by helping design systems that capture flare gases and redirect them into production workflows for reuse as fuel gas.

Experience in the design and operation of refining/petrochemical processing equipment with field process engineering experience preferred.

7 days ago

Claremore, OK

By joining CF, you will be part of a team that brings their varied experiences, wide-ranging knowledge and diverse talents together to deliver important work and you'll be able to pursue complex, exciting opportunities that help you continue to grow and achieve your potential in different areas. As part of our recruitment process, CF Industries may use automated tools, including artificial intelligence ("AI") and machine learning technologies, to assist recruiters in identifying and prioritizing candidates whose qualifications align with job-related criteria, including information provided during the application process such as resumes, work history, education, qualifications, and responses to application questions.

1 day ago

p>Responsibilities:

• The Natural Gas and NGL Services (Gathering and Processing) Engineering Intern/Co-op manages all aspects of assigned projects including initial feasibility review and development of project scope, estimate, schedule, engineering design, equipment and material selection, project bidding, contractor selection, construction oversight, management of change, personnel and process safety, environmental oversight and all other project tasks to successfully accomplish goals for capital projects simultaneously within a managed budget and execution schedule.

Responsibilities could include:

• Collaborates with affected departments during phase gated Front--End Loading (Conceptual, Feasibility, and Definition where projects are initiated, concepts selected and front-end definitions developed) to vet resource estimates, schedules, business benefits, environmental/health/safety impacts.

30+ days ago

Valliant, OK

$70,250–$103,026 / year

These technologies are used by customers to improve operational efficiencies, enhance product quality, protect plant assets, minimize environmental impact, and create cleaner and safer environments. The company's product portfolio includes a broad array of water treatment chemistries, process aids, functional additives, cleaners, disinfectants, and state-of-the-art monitoring, control and delivery systems.

13 days ago

United States of America, Oklahoma

p/>

For additional information about Solenis, please visitwww.solenis.com or follow us on social media. These technologies are used by customers to improve operational efficiencies, enhance product quality, protect plant assets, minimize environmental impact, and create cleaner and safer environments.

14 days ago

Claremore, OK

By joining CF, you will be part of a team that brings their varied experiences, wide-ranging knowledge and diverse talents together to deliver important work and you'll be able to pursue complex, exciting opportunities that help you continue to grow and achieve your potential in different areas. You will enhance the safe, efficient, reliable, and environmentally friendly operations of the nitrogen fertilizer plants through collaborative efforts with other engineering disciplines, operations, maintenance, and EHS to ensure solutions meet overall business objectives.

30+ days ago

$171,600–$338,300 / year

p>The wage range for this role takes into account the wide range of factors that are considered in making compensation decisions including but not limited to skill sets; experience and training; licensure and certifications; and other business and organizational needs. Our purpose comes through in our work with clients that enables impact and value in their organizations, as well as through our own investments, commitments, and actions across areas that help drive positive outcomes for our communities.

19 days ago

Oklahoma

Remote

$100,000–$150,000 / year

li>5+ years of experience in industrial or field-based roles spanning emissions monitoring, environmental programs, industrial operations, or digital solution deployment — including meaningful experience leading on the software and digital side: training teams on platforms, driving adoption of data-driven tools, and embedding digital workflows into operational practice.

Workflow integration — detect, attribute, resolve: Coach customer teams through the full real-time emissions management workflow: detecting concentration events, interpreting back-trajectory attribution, correlating mobile survey data with fenceline signals, and executing documented resolution.

30+ days ago

Lawton, OK

$200–$250 / week

As a Chemical Operations Specialist for the Army National Guard, you will support the country during natural disaster relief efforts and safeguard the nation from chemical and biological warfare.

To perform these functions, you will be trained to expertly handle nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) detection and decontamination equipment so you can assist in the application of NBC defense measures.

7 days ago

Guymon, OK

A top U.S. pork producer/processor and leading exporter to 30+ countries, we are committed to bringing excellence to the table, seeking a better way to produce wholesome pork and connect every step between our farms and family tables. More than 5,400 employees in five states work on our farms, feed mills, and processing plant to produce Prairie Fresh pork, ensuring the well-being of our animals, the environment, our employees, and the communities we call home.

27 days ago

Chickasha, Oklahoma

LSPI works with companies in more than 35 countries to solve pipeline flow needs, treating more than 12 million barrels of hydrocarbon liquids a day and providing customers with a total package solution that includes flow improver products and the right injection equipment. LSPI provides flow improver solutions, delivering strategic value to its customers by maximizing the flow potential of pipelines while increasing their operational flexibility, capacity and economic performance.

30+ days ago

Altus, OK

$200–$250 / week

Age Requirements: Must be between the ages of 17 and 35 Electrical electronics installers repairers commercial and industrial equipment electric motor power tool powerhouse substation relay equipment installers motor vehicles transportation equipment Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transpo. The Army National Guard uses a wide range of systems that help protect and serve the force, and as a Quartermaster and Chemical Equipment Repairer, you'll be in charge of making sure those systems keep running at peak performance.

20 days ago

Chickasha, OK

Part time

17 days ago

Oklahoma City, OK

The LSB team is dedicated to building a culture of excellence in customer experiences as we deliver essential products across the agricultural and industrial end markets and, in the future, the energy markets. This role offers an exciting opportunity to contribute to strategic initiatives that drive innovation, operational excellence, operational reliability, and sustainability across our manufacturing network.

19 days ago

Tulsa, OK

li>Provide leadership and direction to project team that may be comprised of internal and external service providers including but not limited to Project Engineers, Planning Engineers, Operation Engineers and Environmental Engineers. Perform activities necessary to manage the development and execution of a broad range of natural gas facility projects including high pressure transmission pipeline, compression, storage, gathering, treating, and processing.

8 days ago

Pryor, OK

Engineering Project Manager: Demonstrate proficiencies in all areas of process and project evaluation, including process design, fixed/mechanical equipment, instrumentation and control, project deliverables definition, development, and management, project estimating, budget development, the capital funding process, and project change management. JOB SUMMARY: The Engineering Project Manager uses engineering and project skills to define, develop, and execute the technical scope, project scope, timeline, resource plans, budgets and estimates, and corresponding deliverables necessary and sufficient to deliver project goals.

30+ days ago

Lawton, OK

A copy of the University's Annual Security Report, listing crime statistics and university policies, is available by contacting the Office of Public Safety or by accessing the report online at www.cameron.edu/ops.\n \nAPPLYING: Attachments should include a cover letter indicating experience applicable to position, resume, transcripts (unofficial are acceptable at this point), names, addresses, and telephone numbers of three professional references.\n \nDEADLINE: Applications will be accepted until the position is filled.\n \nJOB #-C1356K\n\n.

POSTED JOB TITLE: Building Engineer I, Maintenance Services\n \nJOB DESCRIPTION: Assists in preventive maintenance and repairs on refrigerators, freezers, air conditioners, heaters, ice-makers, air compressors, pneumatic controls, chilled water heating and cooling and electrical air conditioning and heating systems.

30+ days ago

Lawton, OK

JOB DESCRIPTION: Assists in preventive maintenance and repairs on refrigerators, freezers, air conditioners, heaters, ice-makers, air compressors, pneumatic controls, chilled water heating and cooling and electrical air conditioning and heating systems. A copy of the University’s Annual Security Report, listing crime statistics and university policies, is available by contacting the Office of Public Safety or by accessing the report online at www.cameron.edu/ops.

30+ days ago

Claremore, OK

Full time

Knowledge, Abilities and Skills:Knowledge:Comprehensive knowledge of civil engineering and construction surveying principles, practices and methods as applicable to a municipal setting; significant knowledge of applicable City, State, and Federal policies, laws and regulations affecting division activities; Abilities:Ability to prepare, organize and maintain engineering field and office data, reports and systems; ability to effectively communicate complex technical information, orally and in writing to contractors, developers, property owners, employees, consultants, other governmental agency representatives, city officials and the general public. Performs a variety of office related functions, including preparing correspondence, maps, presentation materials, reproducing field notes, printing materials, answering phones and responding to inquiries from contractors, developers, property owners, staff and the general public.

30+ days ago

Tulsa, OK

Quest (www.questenergygroup.com) is a Leading Executive Search and Talent Acquisition Firm in support of Oil and Gas, Refining and Chemicals, Pipeline and LNG, EPC, etc. As Project Manager / Operations Manager / Engineering Manager, you will manage a team of 2-3 Engineers and 2-5 Designers, and will have a runway for tremendous business growth.

30+ days ago

Catoosa, OK

Kelvion Inc., designs and manufactures Brazed and Gasketed Plate Heat Exchangers, Condensers and Dry Coolers, and Air Cooled Heat Exchangers for refineries, chemical and petrochemical plants, power utilities, and other related industries. Responsibilities will include interviewing, hiring, and training employees; planning, assigning, appraising performance; rewarding and disciplining employees; addressing complaints and resolving problems.

30+ days ago

Catoosa, OK

Kelvion Inc., designs and manufactures Brazed and Gasketed Plate Heat Exchangers, Condensers and Dry Coolers, and Air Cooled Heat Exchangers for refineries, chemical and petrochemical plants, power utilities, and other related industries. Ability to apply mathematical operations to such tasks as frequency distribution, determination of test reliability and validity, analysis of variance, correlation techniques, sampling theory, and factor analysis.

30+ days ago

Broken Arrow, OK

p>We will endeavor to make a reasonable accommodation / modification to the known physical or mental limitations of a qualified applicant with a disability to assist in the hiring process, unless the accommodation would impose an undue hardship on the operation of our business, in accordance with applicable federal, state, and local law.

Global in outlook, local in practice - and with a united, shared passion for discovering solutions, we hire talented, driven people and support them to succeed, personally and professionally.

30+ days ago

Edmond, OK

The College serves more than 3,300 undergraduate students in 30 majors and provides graduate programs in Biology, Computer Science, Data Science, Cybersecurity, Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Applied Mathematical Science, Engineering, Computational Science, and Nursing. Qualifications/Experience Required: An earned Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Physics, Electrical Engineering, or a closely related field awarded by a regionally accredited or internationally recognized institution.

30+ days ago

Tulsa, Oklahoma

li>Collaborates closely with interdisciplinary teams, including engineers, designers, technicians, and project managers, fostering effective communication and teamwork to drive project success.

Provides technical leadership and expertise to junior technicians and team members, serving as a subject matter expert in specific engineering disciplines or areas of specialization.

30+ days ago

Tulsa, OK

Our experience, flexibility, and commitment to meeting customer’s requirements have positioned us to be a trusted partner to some of the world’s leading aircraft manufacturers, OEM’s, airlines, MRO’s, air forces and defense organizations.

Provide technical leadership and problem resolution for complex engineering issues across OEM, military, commercial, and repair operations, ensuring high-quality, cost-effective solutions.

16 days ago

Tulsa, OK

Collaborate effectively with cross-functional teams, including engineers, scientists, technicians, and project managers, fostering a collaborative work environment, and sharing technical expertise. Manage and maintain advanced technical equipment, instrumentation, and laboratory facilities, ensuring proper functioning and calibration to support engineering activities.

27 days ago

Tulsa, OK

Collaborates closely with engineers, technicians, and other team members to achieve project goals and deadlines, contributing to a productive and cohesive work environment. Office with periodic visits to the test lab and manufacturing facility with seasonal hot and cold temperatures, dust, and some chemical fume exposure.

30+ days ago

Tulsa, OK

p>Work Environment:

Office with periodic visits to the test lab and manufacturing facility with seasonal hot and cold temperatures, dust, and some chemical fume exposure.
Collaborates closely with engineers, technicians, and other team members to achieve project goals and deadlines, contributing to a productive and cohesive work environment.

30+ days ago

Tulsa, OK

p>• Strong mechanical aptitude • Ability to read gauges, perform basic testing, and utilize mathematical skills • Knowledge of Microsoft Office products including Excel, Word, and Outlook • Demonstrates a high-level of problem solving ability • Communicates effectively in written and spoken form • Excellent interpersonal relationship skills • Exhibits good decision making • Presents a strong, confident, and decisive personality • Demonstrates strong multi-tasking capability and excellent organizational skills • Works effectively in a team environment • Works effectively in a fast-paced high-pressure environment. Responsible for the resolution of production issues involving unit assembly, component fit, bill of material, and electrical/mechanical diagram discrepancies in order to refine product design and efficiency.

30+ days ago

$125,000–$156,000 / year

As a trusted partner, we provide actionable solutions and innovation through our Aerospace Technologies, Building Automation, Energy and Sustainability Solutions, and Industrial Automation business segments - powered by our Honeywell Forge software - that help make the world smarter, safer and more sustainable. We are a leading software-industrial company committed to introducing state of the art technology solutions to improve efficiency, productivity, sustainability, and safety in high growth businesses in broad-based, attractive industrial end markets.

28 days ago

Tulsa, OK

$99,000–$232,000 / year

Preference for at least one of the following fields of study: Management Information Systems, Computer and Information Science, Systems Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Industrial Engineering, Mathematics, Statistics, Mathematical Statistics. PwC does not intend to hire experienced or entry level job seekers who will need, now or in the future, PwC sponsorship through the H-1B lottery, except as set forth within the following policy: https://pwc.to/H-1B-Lottery-Policy.

16 days ago

Oklahoma City, OK

$77,000–$202,000 / year

16 days ago

$99,000–$232,000 / year

ul>

Certification in Cloud Platforms [e.g., AWS Certified Solutions Architect, AWS Data Engineer, Google Professional Cloud Architect, GCP Data Engineer Microsoft Certified: Azure Solutions Architect Expert, Azure Data Engineer Associate, Snowflake Core, Snowflake Databricks Data Engineer Associate] is a plus.

PwC does not intend to hire experienced or entry level job seekers who will need, now or in the future, PwC sponsorship through the H-1B lottery, except as set forth within the following policy: https://pwc.to/H-1B-Lottery-Policy.

30+ days ago

$77,000–$202,000 / year

p>PwC does not intend to hire experienced or entry level job seekers who will need, now or in the future, PwC sponsorship through the H-1B lottery, except as set forth within the following policy: https://pwc.to/H-1B-Lottery-Policy.

Certification in Cloud Platforms [e.g., AWS Certified Solutions Architect, AWS Data Engineer, Google Professional Cloud Architect, GCP Data Engineer Microsoft Certified: Azure Solutions Architect Expert, Azure Data Engineer Associate,] is a plus.

30+ days ago

li>Experience performing chemical process modeling of unit operations, both from single unit operations to plant-wide multiple units including multiple scenario material and energy balances, using commercially available software such as PRO-II, HYSYS or PROMAX.

Experience with lead Process Hazard Analysis (PHA) efforts, either individually or as part of a team, utilizing customary tools and techniques such as What-If studies, HAZOP studies, or Fault Tree Analysis to ensure an inherently safe process design and operation.

14 days ago

Oklahoma City, OK

div class="flex max-w-full flex-col grow">

Chemistry & Chemical Engineering - Graduates - AI Training.
We're looking for Chemistry Experts and Chemical Engineers to join our Expert Network to help train and evaluate cutting-edge AI models using real-world chemical expertise.

17 days ago

Tulsa, OK

$95,000–$150,000 / year

This role is ideal for an engineer who enjoys owning projects end-to-end, working directly with customers, and serving as the technical bridge between engineering, manufacturing, and operations.

Experience supporting engineered or custom-built industrial systems (heat transfer experience preferred).

13 days ago

Quapaw, OK

$98,964–$120,957 / year

persons" (persons who are not U.S. citizens or nationals, lawful permanent residents of the U.S., refugees, "Temporary Residents" (granted Amnesty or Special Agricultural Worker provisions), or persons granted asylum. U.S. Export Control laws and U.S. Government Department of Defense contracts and sub-contracts impose certain restrictions on companies and their ability to share export-controlled and other technology and services with certain "non-U.S.

30+ days ago

Tulsa, OK

$100,000–$130,000

In this essential position, you will be tasked with assessing customer specifications, conducting mechanical design calculations and related analyses (including numerical analysis/FEA), preparing, verifying, and/or reviewing manufacturing drawings, as well as documenting, presenting, and updating of these activities to others as required. Minimum of 5 years of experience in engineering of ASME Section III and/or VIII Pressure Vessels and/or Heat Exchangers in power or Process/Oil & Gas market applications is required.

30+ days ago

Oklahoma City, OK

p>Level IV:

Education and Experience requirements at this level consist of a bachelor's degree with at least 24 semester hours in a physical, natural, or biological science, chemistry, geology, hydrology, physical geography, epidemiology, environmental science, environmental health or civil, agricultural, environmental, geological or chemical engineering plus four (4) years of professional experience in one of the areas listed; or a master's degree in a qualifying area plus three (3) years of professional experience in one of the areas listed.

Level III:

Education and Experience requirements at this level consist of a bachelor's degree with at least 24 semester hours in a physical, natural, or biological science, chemistry, geology, hydrology, physical geography, epidemiology, environmental science, environmental health or civil, agricultural, environmental, geological or chemical engineering plus three (3) years of professional experience in one of the areas listed; or a master's degree plus two (2) years of professional experience in one of the areas listed.

9 days ago

Tulsa, OK

This role is a hybrid of technical expertise and strategic leadership, focusing on the end-to-end delivery of automation solutions across our three main production sites. The ideal candidate will bridge the gap between complex engineering design and disciplined project management to ensure our facilities remain at the forefront of technological efficiency.

30+ days ago

Tulsa, OK

30+ days ago

Oklahoma City, OK

$125,000–$160,000 / year

We are proud to be an Engineering News-Record (ENR) Top 500 Design Firm for our engineering design services and a ClearlyRated Best of Staffing winner for both client and talent service. If you would like to request a reasonable accommodation, such as the modification or adjustment of the job application process or interviewing process due to a disability, please email actalentaccommodation@actalentservices.com for other accommodation options.

12 days ago

Wynnewood, OK

Accountabilities include but are not limited to supervising process activities over some of the refinery operations; overseeing a portion of the department providing operations support, process optimization, and reliability improvement; providing direction for the process engineers; interacting at the planning level with the other refinery groups; and help set project priorities. In addition to the direct reports in the group, the Supervisor also oversees the contracting of selected outside engineering services, helps select the purchase and application of engineering tools, and oversees the specification and bid selection of key equipment.

30+ days ago

Duncan, Oklahoma

The Product Engineer (Sustaining Engineering) performs the necessary actions within Product Engineering’s responsibility to support/manage the current product portfolio through its lifecycle. These product changes can be triggered from various inputs (supplier-initiated changes, improvements of safety, quality, costs, productivity, or other site metrics).

30 days ago

Okmulgee, Oklahoma

We collect the following categories of personal information for the purpose of hiring the best qualified applicants and to comply with applicable employment laws: Name and contact information; Job preference and work availability; Social Security Number and/or other identification information; Education and qualifications; Employment history and experience; Military service; Reference and background check information, including relevant criminal history and credit history; Social media information; Pre-employment test results; Post-offer medical examination information and results, including drug test results; Voluntary self-disclosure information regarding minority, veteran, and disability status; and Information provided by you during the hiring process.

Knowledge of food industry concepts and applications such as equipment hygienic design principles, including approval of product-contact-suitable materials and implementation of effective cleaning processes that take into consideration accessibility, cleanability, drainability, material compatibility, and surface/ geometry.

21 days ago

Inola, OK

p>Sofidel America is seeking a highly skilled PM Process Engineer to lead, optimize, and implement essential processes within the paper manufacturing industry.

We are looking for a candidate who can champion Sofidels Employee Personal Practice Policy while driving continuous improvement and operational excellence throughout our manufacturing sites.

30+ days ago

Pryor, OK

ul>

Monitor operating conditions and recommend corrective actions to support safe and efficient production,

Analyze process trends and performance metrics to identify opportunities for improvement,

Plan and implement process improvements to enhance product quality and production efficiency,

Optimize plant performance by improving product volume, yields, and quality while minimizing costs,

Maintain records of major process trends, costs, and incidents,

Use statistical methods and failure analysis to identify root causes and improve process capability,

Develop and implement cost-reduction initiatives, including process automation and control improvements,

Lead or contribute to small- and medium-sized capital projects,

Monitor raw material usage and costs to improve overall value and efficiency,

Collaborate with the Production Engineer on data analysis and reporting to support business and financial activities.

Bachelor of Science degree in Chemical Engineering,
At least 5 years of experience in a manufacturing environment is preferred,
Strong analytical and problem-solving skills,
Strong communication and interpersonal skills, with the ability to collaborate across teams,
Proven ability to influence actions and support continuous improvement,
Project management skills are considered an asset,
Highly organized with strong time management skills,
Team-oriented mindset with a proactive and hands-on approach.

15 days ago

Resume Resources

Free Resume Templates Free Resume Builder

Get noticed by top employers!

Upload your resume to let employers know you're open to Chemical Engineering job opportunities. Plus, receive relevant job recommendations in your inbox.

Create A Free Account

Chemical Engineering Jobs in Oklahoma

Chief Project Engineer System One

Process Design Engineer - Vapor System One

Chief Project Engineer CF Industries

Intern/Co-op - Midstream Natural Gas and NGL Services Mechanical/Chemical/Petroleum/Civil/Electrical Engineering (Fall 2026) Marathon Petroleum Corp

Chemical Support Engineer - Pulp & Paper (Oklahoma) Solenis LLC

Chemical Support Engineer - Pulp & Paper (Oklahoma) Diversey

Chemical Process Engineer CF Industries Holdings Inc

Chemicals Planning Senior Manager FY27 Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Ltd

Field Deployment Engineer - Oil, Gas, & Chemicals Picarro

74D Chemical Operations Specialist Army National Guard of the United States

Chemical Room Technician C Shift Seaboard Corp

Chemical Plant Operator LSPI Careers

91J Quartermaster and Chemical Equipment Repairer Army National Guard of the United States

Chemical Plant Operator LiquidPower Specialty Products Inc.

Process Engineering Co-op/Intern (59697) LSB Industries Inc

Project Manager -Engineering (Tulsa) Kinder Morgan Inc

Engineering Project Manager (59566) LSB Industries Inc

Building Engineer I Engineering Services Cameron University

Building Engineer I, Engineering Services Cameron University

Civil Engineering Project Manager City of Claremore

Project Engineering Manager Quest Energy Group

Detail Engineering Supervisor Kelvion Holding GmbH

Engineering Design Supervisor Kelvion Holding GmbH

Manufacturing Engineering Technician Slb NV

Engineering - Full-Time, Non-Tenure Track Lecturer University of Central Oklahoma

Engineering Technician III AAON

Design Engineering Manager TAT Technologies Ltd

HVAC Engineering Technician II (Crew 1) AAON Inc

Manufacturing Engineering Technician I AAON Inc

HVAC Engineering Technician I (Crew 3) AAON Inc

Engineering Technician I AAON Inc

Lead Process Engineer Honeywell International Inc

Data Engineer - Manager PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Data Engineer - Senior Associate PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

GenAI Python Systems Engineer-Manager PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

GenAI Python Systems Engineer - Senior Associate PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Process Principal Engineer CVR Energy Inc

Chemistry - Graduates - AI Training - Oklahoma City, US Prolific Academic Ltd

Chemistry & Chemical Engineering - Graduates - AI Training. We're looking for Chemistry Experts and Chemical Engineers to join our Expert Network to help train and evaluate cutting-edge AI models using real-world chemical expertise.

Project Engineer- Industrial Heat Exchange Nesco Resource, LLC

Manufacturing Engineer* 3M

Sr. Design Engineer - Sec III Thermal Engineering International

Facility Compliance Specialist State of Oklahoma

Instrumentation & Automation Engineer ) Neilsoft Limited

Instrumentation & Automation Engineer Neilsoft Limited

Manufacturing Plant Engineer Actalent Inc

Process Engineer Supervisor CVR Energy Inc

Product Engineer Danaher

Senior Process Engineer Tate & Lyle

PM Process Engineer Sofidel SpA

Process Engineer NORIT Activated Carbon

Resume Resources

Chemistry & Chemical Engineering - Graduates - AI Training.
We're looking for Chemistry Experts and Chemical Engineers to join our Expert Network to help train and evaluate cutting-edge AI models using real-world chemical expertise.