AWS Modernization Targets: AWS Mainframe Modernization (Micro Focus/Rocket runtime for replatform, Blu Age for refactor), AWS Transform for mainframe; Lambda, ECS/EKS, EC2; RDS/Aurora (PostgreSQL), DynamoDB, S3, Redshift; AWS DMS, Schema Conversion Tool, DataSync, Transfer Family (SFTP); API Gateway, SQS, SNS, EventBridge, Step Functions; CloudWatch, X-Ray, CloudTrail; IAM, KMS, Secrets Manager, Macie. " Modernization Test Types: Parallel run and output comparison; data migration validation (row counts, checksums, field-level reconciliation, COMP-3 to decimal precision and rounding); batch job equivalence (sequence, restart/recovery, scheduling dependencies); regression and integration across upstream and downstream systems; performance and cutover testing (batch window comparison, load, failover, rollback rehearsal).