Principal Product Designer MicrosoftPrincipal Product DesignerMountain View, CA$142,800–$274,800 / yearMasters Degree in Industrial Design, Product Design, Human Computer Interaction, User Experience, Interaction Design, or related field AND 6+ years experience working in product or service design OR Bachelors Degree in Industrial Design, Product Design, Human Computer Interaction, User Experience, Interaction Design, or related field AND 8+ years experience working in product or service design OR equivalent experience (e.g., demonstrated experience working in product or service design or using design thinking to solve problems). There is a different range applicable to specific work locations, within the San Francisco Bay area and New York City metropolitan area, and the base pay range for this role in those locations is USD $188,000 - $304,200 per year.
NewHVAC Mechanical Engineer/Designer JobotHVAC Mechanical Engineer/DesignerMilpitas, CA$100,000–$140,000 / yearKnown for consistently delivering projects on time and within budget, the firm fosters a supportive environment where engineers have the opportunity to contribute meaningfully, expand their technical expertise, and work alongside industry veterans on challenging and rewarding projects. Information collected and processed as part of your Jobot candidate profile, and any job applications, resumes, or other information you choose to submit is subject to Jobot's Privacy Policy, as well as the Jobot California Worker Privacy Notice and Jobot Notice Regarding Automated Employment Decision Tools which are available at jobot.com/legal.
Principal Content Designer MicrosoftPrincipal Content DesignerMountain View, CA$139,900–$274,800 / yearMasters Degree in Industrial Design, Product Design, Human Computer Interaction, User Experience, Interaction Design, or related field AND 6+ years experience working in product or service design OR Bachelors Degree in Industrial Design, Product Design, Human Computer Interaction, User Experience, Interaction Design, or related field AND 8+ years experience working in product or service design. The mission of Global Skilling Product Team - is to develop world-class, innovative Skilling Products & Experiences that inspire customers, partners, Microsoft sellers, and future generations to achieve more by skilling, upskilling, and reskilling, thereby reaching 100M+ learners.
Visual Designer Pinnacle Technical ResourcesVisual DesignerCupertino, California$60–$62 / hourContractorThe specific compensation for this position will be determined by a number of factors, including the scope, complexity and location of the role as well as the cost of labor in the market; the skills, education, training, credentials and experience of the candidate; and other conditions of employment. The ideal candidate will have a strong passion for design, a keen eye for detail, and the ability to create visually compelling designs that align with project goals and brand identity.
Designer IV Pinnacle Technical ResourcesDesigner IVCupertino,, California$60–$65 / hourContractorThe specific compensation for this position will be determined by several factors, including the scope, complexity, and location of the role, as well as the cost of labor in the market; the skills, education, training, credentials, and experience of the candidate; and other conditions of employment. The ideal candidate will collaborate with managers, producers, and designers across the organization to provide presentation support at all stages of their projects.
Product Design Manager - Dashboard PlaidProduct Design Manager - DashboardSan Francisco, CA$207,600–$317,500 / yearWe work with thousands of companies like Venmo, SoFi, several of the Fortune 500, and many of the largest banks to make it easy for people to connect their financial accounts to the apps and services they want to use. As a Product Design Manager on the Dashboard team, you will manage a multidisciplinary team of product designers and a researcher, leading design efforts across multiple product areas at Plaid.
NewSenior Director, Product Design - Remote HighLevelSenior Director, Product Design - RemoteSan Francisco, CARemote$285,000–$361,000 / yearYou will partner closely with Product, Engineering, Data, Marketing, Sales, Customer Success and executive leadership to turn company strategy into cohesive, intuitive and commercially impactful product experiences. You will also be responsible for evolving HighLevels bespoke design system and accelerating its adoption so teams can move faster, ship with greater consistency and deliver higher-quality experiences at scale.
Director, Product Design - Remote MotiveDirector, Product Design - RemoteSan Francisco, CARemote$187,000–$286,000 / yearA compelling online portfolio demonstrating a strong understanding of user-centered design principles, strategic thinking, leadership in driving design vision, problem-solving abilities, and the successful delivery of impactful user experiences and business outcomes. Motive serves more than 120,000 customers – from Fortune 500 enterprises to small businesses – across a wide range of industries, including transportation and logistics, construction, energy, field service, manufacturing, agriculture, food and beverage, retail, and the public sector.
NewSenior Software Engineer, Backend Full Stack - Financial Product RipplingSenior Software Engineer, Backend Full Stack - Financial ProductSan Francisco, CAOur team builds and maintains the core financial products that enable businesses to operate seamlessly, covering areas such as: • Global Payroll: Developing the systems for calculating, filing, and processing payroll across multiple countries, including tax logic, compliance, and direct money movement infrastructure. This platform delivers secure, fault-tolerant, scalable primitives for money movement, billing, reconciliation, compliance, and financial intelligence, enabling rapid launch of financial products with minimal effort, and zero disbursement failures or manual intervention.
NewSenior Software Engineer, Backend Full Stack - IT Product RipplingSenior Software Engineer, Backend Full Stack - IT ProductSan Francisco, CAOur core product domains include: • Device Management (MDM): Developing systems to securely enroll, configure, manage, and inventory corporate devices (macOS, Windows, iOS, etc.), including policy enforcement and remote wipe capabilities. • App Management & Identity: Creating the centralized platform for provisioning and de-provisioning employee access to hundreds of third-party SaaS applications, ensuring instant security and compliance through integrated identity and access management (IAM).
NewSenior Software Engineer, Backend Full Stack - HR Product RipplingSenior Software Engineer, Backend Full Stack - HR ProductSan Francisco, CAThe team is composed of high-impact squads focused on four core domains: • HRIS (Human Resources Information System): Building the core employee record, organizational structure, and workflows that serve as the single source of truth for all other Rippling products. For office-based employees (employees who live within a 40 mile radius of a Rippling office), Rippling considers working in the office, at least three days a week under current policy, to be an essential function of the employees role.
NewSenior Software Engineer, Frontend Full Stack - HR Product RipplingSenior Software Engineer, Frontend Full Stack - HR ProductSan Francisco, CAThe team is composed of high-impact squads focused on four core domains: • HRIS (Human Resources Information System): Building the core employee record, organizational structure, and workflows that serve as the single source of truth for all other Rippling products. For office-based employees (employees who live within a 40 mile radius of a Rippling office), Rippling considers working in the office, at least three days a week under current policy, to be an essential function of the employees role.
Director, Product Design SamsaraDirector, Product DesignSan Francisco, CARemoteWorking at Samsara means you’ll help define the future of physical operations and be on a team that’s shaping an exciting array of product solutions, including Video-Based Safety, Vehicle Telematics, Apps and Driver Workflows, and Equipment Monitoring. • Champion, role model, and embed Samsara’s cultural principles (Focus on Customer Success, Build for the Long Term, Adopt a Growth Mindset, Be Inclusive, Win as a Team) as we scale globally and across new offices.
Product Manager, Data HiveProduct Manager, DataSan Francisco, CA$120,000–$170,000 / yearYou are passionate about organization, experienced in working with agile teams, have a good understanding of best practices in software engineering, highly effective in communicating and problem solving, and have experience managing enterprise projects. Work closely with teams comprised of engineers, designers, sales, and play a critical role in planning of projects to ensure the timely delivery of quality products and features.
Product Designer VortexlinkProduct DesignerBelmont, CAFull timeThe team is looking for someone who can not only design exceptional user experiences but also leverage modern AI-native development tools to ship production-ready features. You'll have significant influence over product direction, work directly with customers, and help shape next-generation AI-powered workflows and conversational experiences.
Senior Product Designer, Consumer Product Hinge Health IncSenior Product Designer, Consumer ProductSan Francisco, CAWe're looking for designers that excel in the ability to simplify complex challenges into impactful user experiences, care deeply about the quality of their work (the "last 10%" of polish), and bring a genuine desire to learn about our members. Hinge Health is a company that recognizes the value of design - as a Senior Product Designer, you'll join a tight-knit, collaborative team of designers who care deeply about creating cohesive and intuitive product experiences.
Industrial Designer / Toy Designer Physical Products - Contractor KiwiCo IncIndustrial Designer / Toy Designer Physical Products - ContractorMountain View, CA$48–$55 / hourAs a Product Designer with an industrial design or toy design background, you are responsible for ideating and concepting new products that expand the KiwiCo product assortment by leveraging new play patterns, materials and price points to appeal to a large audience. Experience with user testing and insights: You are passionate about channeling the voices of the people (kids!) who use our products and identifying ways products should change to better meet their needs and be more engaging.
Industrial Designer / Toy Designer Physical Products KiwiCo IncIndustrial Designer / Toy Designer Physical ProductsMountain View, CA$100,000–$115,000 / yearAs a Product Designer with an industrial design or toy design background, you are responsible for ideating and concepting new products that expand the KiwiCo product assortment by leveraging new play patterns, materials and price points to appeal to a large audience. Experience with user testing and insights: You are passionate about channeling the voices of the people (kids!) who use our products and identifying ways products should change to better meet their needs and be more engaging.
Sr. Product Designer Rivian and Volkswagen Group TechnologiesSr. Product DesignerPalo Alto, CaliforniaRivian and Volkswagen Group Technologies may share your Candidate Personal Data with (i) internal personnel who have a need to know such information in order to perform their duties, including individuals on our People Team, Finance, Legal, and the team(s) with the position(s) for which you are applying; (ii) Rivian and Volkswagen Group Technologies affiliates; and (iii) Rivian and Volkswagen Group Technologies’ service providers, including providers of background checks, staffing services, and cloud services. Rivian and Volkswagen Group Technologies may use your Candidate Personal Data for the purposes of (i) tracking interactions with our recruiting system; (ii) carrying out, analyzing and improving our application and recruitment process, including assessing you and your application and conducting employment, background and reference checks; (iii) establishing an employment relationship or entering into an employment contract with you; (iv) complying with our legal, regulatory and corporate governance obligations; (v) record keeping; (vi) ensuring network and information security and preventing fraud; and (vii) as otherwise required or permitted by applicable law.
Product Designer INSPYR SolutionsProduct DesignerSan Francisco, CARemote$44–$75 / hourInformation collected and processed through your application with INSPYR Solutions (including any job applications you choose to submit) is subject to INSPYR Solutions’ Privacy Policy and INSPYR Solutions’ AI and Automated Employment Decision Tool Policy: https://www.inspyrsolutions.com/policies/ . The Research Platform team is part of a centralized product infrastructure organization focused on enabling high-quality, efficient research insights that drive product success and innovation.
Product Designer Hinge HealthProduct DesignerSan Francisco, CaliforniaWe’re looking for designers that excel in the ability to simplify complex challenges into impactful user experiences, care deeply about the quality of their work, have a strong track-record of shipping impactful experiences, come with a growth mindset, and bring a genuine desire to learn about our members. The company has designed its platform to address a broad spectrum of MSK care—from acute injury, to chronic pain, to post-surgical rehabilitation—and the platform can help to ease members’ pain, improve their function, and reduce their need for surgeries, all while driving health equity by allowing members to engage in their exercise therapy sessions from anywhere.
Senior Product Designer Circle Internet Services IncSenior Product DesignerSan Francisco, CA$147,500–$183,500 / yearFounded in 2011 and headquartered in downtown San Francisco with a global, remote workforce, CircleCI is venture-backed by Base10, Greenspring Associates, Eleven Prime, IVP, Sapphire Ventures, Top Tier Capital Partners, Baseline Ventures, Threshold. As one of the most-used DevOps tools - processing more than 3 million jobs a day - CircleCI has unique access to data on how the most effective engineering teams work, and the tools to help software companies successfully leverage the power of AI into their commercial applications.
Product Designer Thredup IncProduct DesignerOakland, CA$160,000–$185,000 / yearIn this Role You'll Get To: Collaborate with product management partners to refine product strategy & project goals, brainstorm ideas, define customer workflows, prototype interactions, conduct research and launch new products and services. Day to day you can expect to partner closely with product management, data science, brand marketing, content, research and engineering to develop products within our core marketplace experience.
AI Product Designer INSPYR SolutionsAI Product DesignerMenlo Park, CARemote$68–$88 / hourInformation collected and processed through your application with INSPYR Solutions (including any job applications you choose to submit) is subject to INSPYR Solutions’ Privacy Policy and INSPYR Solutions’ AI and Automated Employment Decision Tool Policy: https://www.inspyrsolutions.com/policies/ . By always striving for excellence and focusing on the human aspect of our business, we work seamlessly with our talent and clients to match the right solutions to the right opportunities.
Product Designer, App Store Product Design Team Apple IncProduct Designer, App Store Product Design TeamCupertino, CAYou distill highly complex systems into clean, focused solutions and you hold the bar on visual quality, consistency, and detail every step of the way.8+ years of product design experience shipping on Apple platforms or comparable consumer-scale digital products. This is a role for a designer who doesnt stop at the handoff: someone who uses AI-assisted tools to get closer to the build, produce functional prototypes, and reduce the distance between design intent and shipped product.
Lead Product Designer Ebates Performance Marketing IncLead Product DesignerSan Francisco, CA$132,082.50–$226,820 / yearYou'll set the design direction for the squad's portfolio of surfaces - gift card redemption, dining, and in-store shopping - experiences that bring Rakuten's value proposition into new contexts, integrate with third-party systems, and require translating operational complexity into something that feels simple and rewarding for members. Headquartered in San Mateo, California with more than 4,000 employees worldwide, the Rakuten International business portfolio includes market leaders in e-commerce, digital marketing, advertising, communications and entertainment.
Staff Product Designer, Merchant Marketing DoorDash IncStaff Product Designer, Merchant MarketingCA$124,400–$183,000 / yearWe value a diverse workforce - people who identify as women, non-binary or gender non-conforming, LGBTQIA+, American Indian or Native Alaskan, Black or African American, Hispanic or Latinx, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, differently-abled, caretakers and parents, and veterans are strongly encouraged to apply. You'll increase team velocity and autonomy by building reusable workflows, shared tools, and decision frameworks that enable designers to operate at a higher level with less coordination overhead.
Senior Product Designer StellicSenior Product DesignerSan Mateo, CaliforniaSpecial Skills : 3 years experience with each of the following: user experience (UX) and user interface (UI) design; designing for both web and mobile platforms; collaborating with cross-functional teams (Product Management, Engineering, QA); using analytics and behavioral-insight tools; designing responsive web applications; and modern design tools such as Figma, Sketch and Adobe Suite. Lead the entire product design lifecycle: gather requirements, conduct user research and usability testing, synthesize user feedback and analytics, iterate on design, and deliver production-ready designs.
Product Designer IV: 26-01756 Akraya Inc.Product Designer IV: 26-01756Mountain View, CA, CA$100–$110 / hourStitch together end-to-end product stories Combine work from multiple teams into cohesive, easy-to-follow demo flows Translate early storyboards and partial scripts into clear visual narratives Identify gaps, missing states, or unclear transitions and help resolve them. Rapidly prototype flows to support storytelling Create prototypes/vibe coded and/or lightweight interactive flows Use prototyping to validate pacing, transitions, and narrative clarity Balance fidelity - moving quickly in early stages, refining as stories lock.
Freelance Senior Product Designer WPP PlcFreelance Senior Product DesignerSan Francisco, CA$2,800–$3,600We unite cutting-edge media intelligence and data solutions, world-class creativity, next-generation production, transformative enterprise solutions and expert strategic counsel in a single company - powered by exceptional talent and our agentic marketing platform, WPP Open, to help our clients navigate change, capture opportunity and deliver transformational growth. We are seeking an experienced Freelance Senior Product Designer to support one of the most recognized and relied-upon brands in the world, a global leader in digital payments whose products and services touch the lives of billions of people every day.
Founding Product Designer GenmoFounding Product DesignerSan Francisco, CaliforniaWe are seeking a passionate and versatile founding Senior Product Designer to spearhead the design of next-generation products and experiences for video creation. This role is pivotal in driving future innovative features and improvements that cater to both consumers and developers, using a deep understanding of product design principles.
Sr / Staff AI Product Designer @ Klarity (Full time) AcademySr / Staff AI Product Designer @ Klarity (Full time)San Francisco, CaliforniaShipped AI-native features to production: You understand the unique challenges of building with LLMs — designing for non-determinism, creating delightful experiences around unpredictable outputs, and innovating UX patterns that make cutting-edge AI feel intuitive. AI-native designer who builds in code: You use AI coding assistants like Cursor, Claude Code, Codex, Replit etc to rapidly translate concepts into working, near-production-grade prototypes.
Product Designer SubstackProduct DesignerSan Francisco, CaliforniaRemote3 years of experience designing software ; we're especially keen to see experience with social networks; content networks; or content systems or products of various kinds; but any experience building software interfaces applies. If success for a company means “selling more ads,” designers may achieve a lovely user interface or ideal typography, but everything will be in service of producing the same strange, often-nightmarish dynamics we all know from the many scaled platforms of the past decade.
NewSenior Product Designer StuutSenior Product DesignerSan Francisco, CaliforniaAs a Senior Product Designer, you’ll play a critical role in shaping Stuut’s user experience, designing interfaces that feel intelligent, agentic, and seamless for our customers. Stuut is transforming accounts receivable for B2B companies—making collections smarter and faster for companies that have historically relied on manual processes that are labor intensive and costly.
Senior Product Designer ComfySenior Product DesignerSan Francisco, CaliforniaUnlike tools that hide everything behind a prompt box, Comfy lets you connect models, processing steps, and outputs on a canvas where every decision is visible and every step is inspectable. It's used by artists, filmmakers, game studios, designers, researchers, and VFX houses, including teams at OpenAI, Netflix, Amazon Studios, Ubisoft, EA, and Tencent.
Senior Product Designer Willis Towers Watson PLCSenior Product DesignerSan Francisco, CA$115,000–$185,000 / yearWTW provides a competitive benefit package which includes the following (eligibility requirements apply): Health and Welfare Benefits: Medical (including prescription coverage), Dental, Vision, Health Savings Account, Commuter Account, Health Care and Dependent Care Flexible Spending Accounts, Group Accident, Group Critical Illness, Life Insurance, AD&D, Group Legal, Identify Theft Protection, Wellbeing Program and Work/Life Resources (including Employee Assistance Program). You will work hands-on within a simultaneous design-and-build model alongside Product and Engineering, using generative AI tools and strong prompt-writing skills to rapidly produce interactive prototypes under the direction of the Design Director.
Brand & Product Designer Tavus IncBrand & Product DesignerSan Francisco, CAThe remaining 20% will be spent embedded within the product team, smoothing the seams between marketing and product and ensuring user journeys are cohesive from first impressions through the user lifecycle. We're looking for a holistic thinker who understands that a user's journey doesnt start at the login screen; it starts with the first frame of a video or the first pixel of a landing page.
Product Designer Hinge Health IncProduct DesignerSan Francisco, CAWe're looking for designers that excel in the ability to simplify complex challenges into impactful user experiences, care deeply about the quality of their work, have a strong track-record of shipping impactful experiences, come with a growth mindset, and bring a genuine desire to learn about our members. The company has designed its platform to address a broad spectrum of MSK care-from acute injury, to chronic pain, to post-surgical rehabilitation-and the platform can help to ease members' pain, improve their function, and reduce their need for surgeries, all while driving health equity by allowing members to engage in their exercise therapy sessions from anywhere.
Product Designer Substack IncProduct DesignerSan Francisco, CARemote$150,000–$215,000 / year3 years of experience designing software; were especially keen to see experience with social networks; content networks; or content systems or products of various kinds; but any experience building software interfaces applies. If success for a company means "selling more ads," designers may achieve a lovely user interface or ideal typography, but everything will be in service of producing the same strange, often-nightmarish dynamics we all know from the many scaled platforms of the past decade.
Sr. Product Designer, New Programs Hinge HealthSr. Product Designer, New ProgramsSan Francisco, CaliforniaWe’re looking for a designer who excels at simplifying complex challenges into impactful user experiences, cares deeply about craft and quality, has a strong track record of shipping meaningful work, brings a growth mindset, and is energized by learning quickly in unfamiliar domains. As a Senior Product Designer, you’ll collaborate closely with product, engineering, clinical, data, and commercial partners to create intuitive, user-centered solutions from concept to execution, including discovery work, interaction and visual design, prototyping, and validation.
Senior Product Designer, Education Hinge HealthSenior Product Designer, EducationSan Francisco, CaliforniaWe’re looking for designers that excel in the ability to simplify complex challenges into impactful user experiences, care deeply about the quality of their work (the "last 10%" of polish), and bring a genuine desire to learn about our members. Hinge Health is a company that recognizes the value of design – as a Senior Product Designer , you’ll join a tight-knit, collaborative team of designers who care deeply about creating cohesive and intuitive product experiences.
Senior Product Designer Finix Payments IncSenior Product DesignerSan Francisco, CA$170,000–$240,000 / yearFinix has raised over $175M, including a $75M Series C led by Acrew Capital, with participation from Lightspeed Venture Partners, Leap Global, American Express Ventures, Bain Capital Ventures, Homebrew, Inspired Capital, Sequoia Capital, Visa, and others. You'll own and design complex product areas end-to-end, while also acting as a close partner to the Head of Design - helping drive decisions, unblock teams, and maintain momentum when needed.
Product Designer ServalProduct DesignerSan Francisco, CaliforniaFounded in early 2024, Serval is already trusted by companies like Fox, Notion, Perplexity, Vercel, and Brex to automate high-volume, high-friction operational work across their organizations. Long term, we’re building the universal AI operations layer — a system of agents that sits across business functions and runs the workflows that keep modern companies moving.
Product Designer Fluidstack LtdProduct DesignerSan Francisco, CAOur products are deeply technical and our developers and team members are power users, they are engineers and operators who work in terminals, read documentation compulsively, and have zero tolerance for UX that wastes their time. You will be the designer embedded with our product and engineering teams, shaping the interfaces that GPU cluster operators, AI platform engineers, and enterprise infrastructure teams interact with every day.
Senior Product Designer, AI Sigma Computing IncSenior Product Designer, AISan Francisco, CA$210,000–$250,000 / yearThe round was led by Princeville Capital, with new strategic investors Databricks Ventures, ServiceNow Ventures, and Workday Ventures participating alongside returning investors Altimeter Capital, Avenir Growth Capital, D1 Capital Partners, K5 Global, NewView Capital, Spark Capital, Sutter Hill Ventures, and XN. We''re looking for a Senior Product Designer / Design Engineer who sits at the intersection of interaction design and AI engineering: someone who uses AI to ship faster, builds the skills and evals that make AI more effective, and invents new interaction paradigms for how people work alongside intelligent systems.
Product Designer DigiCert IncProduct DesignerSunnyvale, CA$140,000–$180,000 / yearMust have: demonstrated experience with AI based design and/or coding tools, and confidence experimenting with emerging AI technologies: we'll want to see examples of how you're using AI in different contexts (personal projects can also serve as examples). You'll collaborate across teams and disciplines and grow your skills in product design and delivery, research, and systems thinking while working on meaningful, real-world, and urgent challenges in AI trust and transparency.
Staff Product Designer (PST) Deepgram IncStaff Product Designer (PST)San Francisco, CARemoteDeepgram is the leading platform underpinning the emerging trillion-dollar Voice AI economy, providing real-time APIs for speech-to-text (STT), text-to-speech (TTS), and building production-grade voice agents at scale. More than 200,000 developers and 1,300+ organizations build voice offerings that are Powered by Deepgram, including Twilio, Cloudflare, Sierra, Decagon, Vapi, Daily, Cresta, Granola, and Jack in the Box.
Staff Product Designer GlossGenius, Inc.Staff Product DesignerSan Francisco, CA$215,000–$258,000 / year7+ years of product design experience, with a portfolio that demonstrates ownership of complex, high-impact product areas, prior experience with scheduling, booking, team management, or payments products is a strong plus. Businesses on GlossGenius process billions in annual payment volume, and see 65% more revenue using GlossGenius Payments by growing ticket size, rebooking clients at checkout, and saving on processing fees.
Lead Product Designer BILL Holdings IncLead Product DesignerCA$165,700–$198,800 / yearDrive cross-functional alignment by partnering closely with product managers, engineers, UX researchers, and technical partners to frame problems, validate solutions, and ship high-quality experiences. This role contributes to the end-to-end design of products across BILL''s platform, helping create experiences that simplify financial operations and reduce complexity for our customers.
Senior Product Designer KlaritySenior Product DesignerSan Francisco, CaliforniaYou'll own core, user-facing parts of Klarity's product end to end: turn messy signals into a clear point of view, design AI-native workflows that make complex enterprise tools feel as intuitive as the best consumer apps, and bring your designs to life in working, near-production prototypes — and, increasingly, into the product itself with engineering alongside you. Design trustworthy AI experiences — Design AI-native, increasingly agentic workflows that feel legible and trustworthy — surfacing the AI's confidence and uncertainty, designing for graceful error and recovery, and keeping a human in the loop for consequential actions.