NewSupplier Industrialization Engineer Zipline International IncSupplier Industrialization EngineerSouth San Francisco, CAOur customers include the world's largest and most prominent healthcare systems, governments, retailers, restaurants and global businesses who rely on us to save lives, reduce emissions, increase economic opportunity, and provide delivery from point A to point B as fast as possible. Today, Zipline operates on four continents, makes a delivery somewhere in the world every 30 seconds, and has completed millions of deliveries to date, including blood, vaccines, medical supplies, food, and retail products.
Hardware Test Engineer, Droid - Ground Systems Zipline International IncHardware Test Engineer, Droid - Ground SystemsSouth San Francisco, CAAs we scale toward thousands of units in production and tens of thousands of flight cycles per unit, we need someone to own the ground testing that makes that scale credible - every fixture, life-test rig, environmental chamber, and automated bring-up station that proves the droid and zipping point work reliably together while exceeding our reliability targets. Our customers include the world's largest and most prominent healthcare systems, governments, retailers, restaurants and global businesses who rely on us to save lives, reduce emissions, increase economic opportunity, and provide delivery from point A to point B as fast as possible.
Senior RF Desense Engineer Zipline International IncSenior RF Desense EngineerSouth San Francisco, CAWorking closely with electrical, mechanical, antenna, manufacturing, reliability, and systems teams, you will develop scalable shielding solutions that enable simultaneous operation of multiple high-power transmitters and high-sensitivity receivers-including precision GNSS systems-while meeting aggressive performance, reliability, manufacturability, weight, cost, and product lifetime requirements. Strong understanding of electromagnetic coupling mechanisms including conducted emissions, radiated emissions, harmonics, intermodulation, passive intermodulation, broadband digital noise, common-mode currents, grounding topology, shielding effectiveness, enclosure resonance, and practical mitigation techniques.
Senior Antenna Design Engineer Zipline International IncSenior Antenna Design EngineerSouth San Francisco, CAOur customers include the world's largest and most prominent healthcare systems, governments, retailers, restaurants and global businesses who rely on us to save lives, reduce emissions, increase economic opportunity, and provide delivery from point A to point B as fast as possible. Work on antenna arrays, distributed antenna systems, single aperture antennas as well as co-located antenna integrations to deliver on radiated performance, and support cross functionally to deliver: coexistence, desense, regulatory and product level requirements.
Aerospace Harnessing Engineer (Launch Vehicle Avionics) The Valentino GroupAerospace Harnessing Engineer (Launch Vehicle Avionics)Alameda, CaliforniaAs a Harnessing Engineer, you'll own the design and execution of flight and test harnesses that connect avionics, sensors, power systems, and vehicle subsystems—ensuring reliability in extreme environments. Youll work closely with mechanical, thermal, electrical, integration, and manufacturing teams to deliver harness systems that are safe, lightweight, manufacturable, and flight-ready.
NewSupply Chain Engineer Human Computer LabSupply Chain EngineerSan Francisco, CaliforniaYou'll work at the intersection of engineering and operations — evaluating suppliers, managing BOM cost and lead-time risk, and partnering with contract manufacturers to turn designs into build-ready hardware. You'll work closely with the CEO and founding team to build the supply chain function from the ground up as the company scales from small-batch builds to larger production runs.
Technical Sourcer, AI & Robotics Tesla IncTechnical Sourcer, AI & RoboticsPalo Alto, CA$112,000–$258,000 / yearAlong with competitive pay, as a full-time Tesla employee, you are eligible for the following benefits at day 1 of hire: Medical plans > plan options with $0 payroll deduction. We are seeking relentless, innovative talent hunters capable of deploying creative sourcing strategies to bring the world's elite AI engineers to Tesla.
System Integration Engineer Wayve Technologies LtdSystem Integration EngineerSunnyvale, CAAt Wayve we want the best of all worlds so we operate a hybrid working policy that combines time together in our offices and workshops to fuel innovation, culture, relationships and learning, and time spent working from home. We aim high and stay humble in our pursuit of excellence, constantly learning and evolving as we pave the way for a smarter, safer future.
Harness Engineer OpenAIHarness EngineerSan Francisco, CAFor unincorporated Los Angeles County workers: we reasonably believe that criminal history may have a direct, adverse and negative relationship with the following job duties, potentially resulting in the withdrawal of a conditional offer of employment: protect computer hardware entrusted to you from theft, loss or damage; return all computer hardware in your possession (including the data contained therein) upon termination of employment or end of assignment; and maintain the confidentiality of proprietary, confidential, and non-public information. You will work closely with the mechanical engineering, actuator and electrical engineering teams to drive harness design across the full engineering lifecycle while establishing scalable in house design, test, and integration practices for future robotic platforms.
Forward Deployed Engineer Flow EngineeringForward Deployed EngineerSan Francisco, CaliforniaAs one of our first forward deployed engineers, you’ll sit at the intersection of sales, engineering and customers: understanding how next-gen hardware teams build, guiding deployments, and supporting adoption, ensuring customers have the insight and tools to achieve meaningful outcomes. Understand and map customer workflows: Work with customers to deeply understand their current workflow, pain points, and priorities, and showcase tailored solutions to proactively address those.
Contract / Jr. Test Manufacturing Engineer Dexterity.aiContract / Jr. Test Manufacturing EngineerRedwood City, CA$30–$40 / hourYou will collaborate with cross-functional teams, including manufacturing eng., hardware design, controls, and quality, to improve test coverage, optimize workflows, and support scaling our production operations. Dexterity is one of the fastest-growing companies in robotics, backed by world-class investors such as Kleiner Perkins, Lightspeed Venture Partners, and Obvious Ventures.
Failure Analysis Engineer Zipline International IncFailure Analysis EngineerSouth San Francisco, CAOur customers include the world's largest and most prominent healthcare systems, governments, retailers, restaurants and global businesses who rely on us to save lives, reduce emissions, increase economic opportunity, and provide delivery from point A to point B as fast as possible. This is a hands-on role suited to an early-career engineer or highly technical hardware professional who enjoys working in the lab and wants to develop deeper expertise in electronics, materials, reliability, and physical failure analysis.
NewManufacturing Engineer Murata Electronics North America, Inc.Manufacturing EngineerConcord, CA$90,000–$104,000 / yearThe Manufacturing Engineer works closely with Operations, Quality, Supply Chain, Maintenance and Product Engineering to lead the development of robust and scalable manufacturing solutions that support efficient transition from product development into volume production while driving continuous improvements in safety, quality, delivery and cost. 3-7 years of Manufacturing Engineering experience in DC/DC converters, AC/DC power supplies, power electronics, or related electronics manufacturing environments, with expertise in tooling design and implementation, process development, production support, and continuous improvement initiatives.
Manufacturing Engineer 2 Lam Research CorpManufacturing Engineer 2Fremont, CA$73,000–$159,000 / yearBachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering, Production Engineering, Industrial Engineering, or related field with 2+ years of experience; or advanced degree with no previous professional experience; or equivalent experience. Join Lam as a Manufacturing Engineer where you'll play a crucial role in supporting the new product pilot production factory, virtual manufacturing, or high-volume manufacturing production factory.
Field Systems Engineer Pipeline Zipline International IncField Systems Engineer PipelineSouth San Francisco, CAOur customers include the world's largest and most prominent healthcare systems, governments, retailers, restaurants and global businesses who rely on us to save lives, reduce emissions, increase economic opportunity, and provide delivery from point A to point B as fast as possible. We are responsible for understanding how Platform 2 performs in the real world, resolving its hardest technical problems, and turning what we learn into lasting improvements to the product and the way it is operated and maintained.
Senior / Staff Electrical Engineer Zipline International IncSenior / Staff Electrical EngineerSouth San Francisco, CAOur customers include the world's largest and most prominent healthcare systems, governments, retailers, restaurants and global businesses who rely on us to save lives, reduce emissions, increase economic opportunity, and provide delivery from point A to point B as fast as possible. You will work closely with electrical, mechanical, firmware, software, manufacturing, test, quality, supply-chain, and operations teams to build hardware that is safe, robust, manufacturable, and ready for global operation.
Senior ECAD Library & Engineering Data Engineer Zipline International IncSenior ECAD Library & Engineering Data EngineerSouth San Francisco, CAOur customers include the world's largest and most prominent healthcare systems, governments, retailers, restaurants and global businesses who rely on us to save lives, reduce emissions, increase economic opportunity, and provide delivery from point A to point B as fast as possible. Audit and clean up existing library data, resolving duplicates, obsolete records, missing models, inconsistent parameters, and conflicting part numbers without breaking released-design traceability.
Hardware Engineer Wayve Technologies LtdHardware EngineerSunnyvale, CAYou will work hands-on with cutting-edge computing platforms, collaborating across hardware, software, and systems teams to design, bring up, and validate mission-critical electronics that enable embodied AI. This role focuses on low-level electronics design, embedded systems, and high-performance compute integration translating autonomy requirements into robust, scalable hardware systems.
Manufacturing Engineer, Document Control Dexterity.aiManufacturing Engineer, Document ControlRedwood City, CA$110,000–$160,000 / yearThis role requires a combination of technical expertise, project management skills, and cross-functional collaboration to ensure the accuracy and efficiency of our product information management systems and successfully bring products to volume manufacturing and meet market demands. Oversee the generation and release of Engineering and New Product Introduction (NPI) support documentation into consumable packages for downstream internal customers, and maintain the integrity of Dexterity's Teamcenter PLM system.
Sensor Hardware Engineer KodiakSensor Hardware EngineerMountain View, CA$165,000–$220,000 / yearThe company has developed an artificial intelligence (AI) powered technology stack purpose-built for commercial trucking and the public sector. We are looking for a Sensor Hardware Engineer to join us and help develop world-class sensor systems for autonomous trucking.
Senior robotics navigation engineer DexmateSenior robotics navigation engineerFremont, CaliforniaBuild and maintain state estimation pipelines — Kalman Filters, Extended Kalman Filters (EKF), Unscented Kalman Filters (UKF), or Factor Graph backends (GTSAM, Ceres, g2o) — with reliable accuracy in dynamic, GPS-denied, and perceptually degraded environments. Proven track record of deploying navigation or SLAM systems on real autonomous platforms — self-driving vehicles, AGVs, mobile robots, or equivalent — not just simulation or research prototypes.
Materials and Process Innovation Engineer 1X TechnologiesMaterials and Process Innovation EngineerSan Carlos, CA$142,000–$243,100 / yearWorking closely with chemists, materials scientists, mechanical engineers, designers, and manufacturing teams, we transform promising material innovations into robust production-ready technologies. You will develop, optimize, and scale fabrication processes for advanced soft materials, polymers, elastomers, composites, textiles, coatings, and multilayer systems that enable next-generation humanoid robots.
Hardware Support Engineer DexmateHardware Support EngineerFremont, CaliforniaReal-world product development or failure analysis experience in at least two relevant areas such as PCBAs, battery cells/packs, harnesses/connectors, metals, plastics, or actuators/moving parts. As a Hardware Support Engineer, you will be a core part of a small, fast-moving hardware team — responsible for hands-on debugging, failure analysis, and maintenance of our robot platform, spanning internal development all the way through to customer support.
Senior Software Engineer, Collision Avoidance Testing NuroSenior Software Engineer, Collision Avoidance TestingMountain View, CA$160,360–$291,150 / yearWith years of real-world deployment experience and a flexible, partner-led business model, Nuro is working toward a future where millions of autonomous vehicles powered by our technology help make everyday life safer, easier, and more connected. Identify and design realistic scenarios to drive test coverage of collision avoidance scenarios and collision detection scenarios using replay simulations of logs and synthetic simulation of third-party accident reconstructions.
Senior Electrical Engineer - Compute Hardware Applied Intuition IncSenior Electrical Engineer - Compute HardwareSunnyvale, CA$140,000–$220,000 / yearAt Applied Intuition, you will: Design electrical schematics for automotive, off-road, and defense (optional) applications, incorporating SoCs/MCUs, power (SMPS, Linear), memory components (eMMC, DDR, NVMe), and peripherals from concept to production. Applied Intuition is headquartered in Sunnyvale, California, with offices in Washington, D.C. San Diego; Ft. Walton Beach, Florida; Ann Arbor, Michigan; London; Stuttgart; Munich; Stockholm; Bangalore; Seoul; and Tokyo.
Field Service Engineer - California Bay Area Becton Dickinson and CoField Service Engineer - California Bay AreaSan Francisco, CA$35–$40 / hourAssociate's degree in Electronics, Mechanical, Robotics, or Biomedical Engineering Technology preferred, plus 3-5 years field service experience (or equivalent combination of education and relevant experience). For most roles, we require a minimum of 4 days of in-office presence per week to maintain our culture of excellence and ensure smooth operations, while also recognizing the importance of flexibility and work-life balance.
Functional Safety Engineer, Hardware Kodiak Robotics, IncFunctional Safety Engineer, HardwareMountain View, CAWhat you'll bring: • Bachelor's degree or higher in hardware, electrical, mechanical or other related engineering and/or a Bachelor's degree with professional experience in a high tech environment • Experience with Part 4, 5, 8 and 9 of ISO 26262. The company is developing an industry-leading artificial intelligence (AI) powered technology stack purpose-built for driverless long-haul trucking applications.
Senior Vehicle Integration Engineer Kodiak Robotics, IncSenior Vehicle Integration EngineerMountain View, CAYoull own fleet uptime, lead root cause investigations, and act as the technical bridge between customers, field operations, and product engineering - working across hardware, software, firmware, and systems integration to resolve issues fast and drive long-term reliability. Strong written and verbal skills across diverse audiences - you can explain a firmware bug to a customer and write a clear troubleshooting guide for the field team.
NewSr. Harness Manufacturing Engineer (EWIS) Reliable Robotics CorporationSr. Harness Manufacturing Engineer (EWIS)Mountain View, CaliforniaHarness Manufacturing Engineer at Reliable Robotics, you’ll play a critical role in developing and continuously improving our harness manufacturing, harness installation, and supply chain processes to meet design, regulatory, and business requirements (including safety, quality, cost, and on-time delivery). You will be responsible for designing the build and installation process for wire harness assemblies, conducting design for excellence (DFx) reviews, and developing the processes and infrastructure to help the business scale.
Quality Assurance Engineer LeoLabsQuality Assurance EngineerMenlo Park, CaliforniaAs orbital activity accelerates and threats grow more complex, LeoLabs is a trusted partner for Space Domain Awareness, Space Traffic Management, and Satellite Operations for top-tier space operators and allied defense organizations. You will work across engineering, manufacturing, supply chain, and external suppliers to develop scalable quality processes, investigate failures, and drive continuous improvement throughout the hardware lifecycle.
Senior Staff Electrical Engineer IONQSenior Staff Electrical EngineerSan Francisco, CA$167,808–$219,704 / yearPlease note that in the absence of confirming you are a U.S. Person for export control and government contracts work purposes, IonQ may choose not to apply for a license or decline to use a license exception (if available) for you to access export-controlled technology that may require authorization, and similarly, you may not qualify for government contracts work that requires U.S. Persons, and IonQ may decline to proceed with your application on those bases alone. IonQ's newest generation of quantum computers, the IonQ Tempo, is the latest in a line of cutting-edge systems that have been helping customers and partners including Amazon Web Services, and AstraZeneca achieve 20x performance results and accelerate innovation in drug discovery, materials science, financial modeling, logistics, cybersecurity, and defense.
New Products Ground Systems Mechanical Design Engineer ZiplineNew Products Ground Systems Mechanical Design EngineerSan Francisco, CA$135,000–$220,000 / yearOur customers include the world's largest and most prominent healthcare systems, governments, retailers, restaurants and global businesses who rely on us to save lives, reduce emissions, increase economic opportunity, and provide delivery from point A to point B as fast as possible. Today, Zipline operates on four continents, makes a delivery somewhere in the world every 30 seconds, and has completed millions of deliveries to date, including blood, vaccines, medical supplies, food, and retail products.
Staff Software Engineer, Autonomy Evaluation General Motors CoStaff Software Engineer, Autonomy EvaluationSunnyvale, CA$172,800–$251,650 / yearWe own large scale test scenario libraries, continuous evaluation pipelines, and critical risk assessment and release gating components, treating road testing, data mining, training, and metrics as first-class use cases in a unified analytics framework. With Super Cruise hands-free technology in more than 500,000 Super Cruise-equipped vehicles on the road, and over 700 million hands-free miles driven, GM is proving that automation can be trusted, intuitive, and helpful.
Senior/Staff Behavior Prediction Engineer Gatik AI, Inc.Senior/Staff Behavior Prediction EngineerMountain View, CA$170,000–$250,000 / yearGiven extensive knowledge of Gatik’s well-defined, fixed route ODDs and hybrid architecture, we are able to hyper-optimize our models with exponentially less data, establish gate-keeping mechanisms to maintain explainability, and ensure continued safety of the system for unmanned operations. With robust capabilities in both highway and urban environments, Gatik Carrier serves as an all-encompassing solution that integrates advanced software and hardware powering the fleet, facilitating effortless integration into customers' logistics operations.
Senior Robotics Engineer (Dynamics and Controls) General Motors CoSenior Robotics Engineer (Dynamics and Controls)Mountain View, CA$158,000–$241,900 / yearB.S. with strong work experience in the field may be considered • 3+ years of experience in motion planning or related field • Deep understanding of optimal controls and trajectory optimization algorithms • Good grasp of classical and modern feedback control theory and techniques • Solid understanding of vehicle dynamics • A demonstrated track record of building high quality autonomous software systems • Deep expertise in Planning and Controls system design • Experience with C++/Python in a large, distributed development environment • Strong organizational and communication skills • Passion for self-driving technology and its potential impact on the world. • Lead root-cause investigations for complex integration issues, using data-driven techniques and principled experimentation, proactively creating test plans for new features and defining useful metrics for analyzing performance.
Robotics system engineer DexmateRobotics system engineerFremont, CaliforniaOur mission is to democratize robotics by lowering the barrier to entry, delivering a plug-and-play platform for developers, researchers, and enterprises, and cultivating an open ecosystem that accelerates the evolution of physical AI. You'll be the technical bridge between hardware, software, and AI—ensuring seamless integration and validation of our robotic platforms from early prototypes to production systems deployed in the real world.
Systems Quality Robotics Automation Engineer Apple IncSystems Quality Robotics Automation EngineerSunnyvale, CAIn this role, youll develop automated systems that integrate robotics, electrical, and software components, with enhanced use of AI, to directly impact the performance and quality of devices used by millions of customers worldwide. As part of a diverse team, you will design, build, and scale robotic automation solutions to test Apple products, ensuring their outstanding quality before they reach customers!
ML Systems Engineer, Robotics Scale AI IncML Systems Engineer, RoboticsSan Francisco, CAThis position will be a key contributor in conducting applied research in Physical AI and developing ML pipelines for processing, training, and fine-tuning on data collected by Scale, with a specific focus on optimizing algorithms and pipelines to run efficiently on GPUs in the cloud. Algorithm Optimization: Deep experience optimizing computer vision and other machine learning algorithms for cloud environments, including GPU-level algorithm optimizations (e.g., CUDA, kernel tuning).
ML Engineer - Instawork Robotics InstaworkML Engineer - Instawork RoboticsSan Francisco, CA$170,000–$200,000 / yearForbes included us on their Next Billion Dollar Startups list; RetailTech Breakthrough named us Workforce Hiring Solution of the Year for 2025; and Inc. 5000 recognized us as one of the country's top 10% fastest-growing companies two years in a row. With hubs in San Francisco, Bangalore, and Chicago, city offices in New York, Phoenix, and Singapore, we're back to working together in-person five days a week because we believe the best ideas happen when great people collaborate face-to-face.
Mechatronics Research Engineer - Special Projects (Robotics) Apple IncMechatronics Research Engineer - Special Projects (Robotics)Santa Clara, CAWe are seeking research scientists and engineers with strong backgrounds across mechatronics, controls, haptics, robotics, simulation, and machine learning to drive breakthrough innovations in intelligent robotic systems. We are a team of best-in-the-world research scientists and engineers with deep experience in computer vision, machine learning, robotics, haptics, and related areas.
Robotics Test & Reliability Engineer Kawasaki Robotics (UK) LtdRobotics Test & Reliability EngineerSan Jose, CARobotics Test & Reliability Engineer is responsible for improving system performance through control tuning, reliability testing and comprehensive validation of electro-mechanical robots and controllers. Design and execute test plans, developing automated test scripts, implementing corrective actions and driving continuous improvement initiatives.
Robotics Controls Engineer TerranovaRobotics Controls EngineerBerkeley, CaliforniaBacked by leading climate and American dynamism investors, Terranova builds intelligent robotic systems to terraform the Earth itself - lifting land, restoring wetlands, and protecting critical infrastructure from floods and sea-level rise. Have worked on large complex robotic systems - various sensors, multiple motors/robots, reinforcement learning based on robot data.
Machine Learning Solutions Engineer - Robotics Scale AI, Inc.Machine Learning Solutions Engineer - RoboticsSan Francisco, CA$180,000–$225,000 / yearYou will partner closely with Product, Sales, and ML Engineers to guide prospective customers through the pre-sales process, delivering customized demos and Proof of Concepts that secure the "technical win" as well as being a critical role in the strategy shaping of our next generation of products covering the full E2E process from data collection to deployments. You'll help customers bridge the gap from demos to real-world deployment in production by defining technical requirements for multi-modal real-world data pipelines (from data collection, curation, training to deploying models at customer sites and evaluating the performance).
ML Systems Engineer, Robotics Scale AI, Inc.ML Systems Engineer, RoboticsSan Francisco, CA$227,200–$284,000 / yearThe range displayed on each job posting reflects the minimum and maximum target for new hire salaries for the position and may be inclusive of several career levels at Scale; it will be determined during the interview process based on work location and additional factors, including job-related skills, experience, qualifications, interview performance, and relevant education or training. This position will be a key contributor in conducting applied research in Physical AI and developing ML pipelines for processing, training, and fine-tuning on data collected by Scale, with a specific focus on optimizing algorithms and pipelines to run efficiently on GPUs in the cloud.
Robotics Generalist SkipRobotics GeneralistSan Francisco, Californiawith Arc’teryx) we are uniquely positioned to launch the first commercially successful wearable robotic device, the MO/GO, develop a platform to launch future Movewear products and transform millions of lives in the coming years. Some of the things you will work on: Architecting and implementing robotic software subsystems across our wearable robotics fleet, sharing components across different products and robot iterations.
Head of Robotics Engineering DexmateHead of Robotics EngineeringFremont, CaliforniaYou'll own the engineering organization responsible for making the robot work reliably in the real world — the firmware that runs on the robot, the control and planning systems that make it move and act intelligently, the teleoperation systems that let humans operate and collect data from it, and the technical training and support functions that keep robots running once they're deployed with customers and partners, etc. You'll need to be credible reviewing firmware and control-system code directly, lead root-cause analysis across mechanical, electrical, and firmware domains, and build the processes — training, escalation, support — that keep a growing fleet operating reliably.
Senior Robotics SWE, System Identification & Modeling Nimble NimbleSenior Robotics SWE, System Identification & ModelingSan Francisco, California$190,000–$250,000 / yearYou will work across the full robotics and autonomy stack — building robust, production-grade software that scales as we deploy more robots into high-throughput operations — while serving as the team's deep expert in system identification, dynamics modeling, and model-based control. Design and execute system identification experiments for actuators, mechanisms, and full robot subsystems — motors, arms, elevators, drivetrains — fitting dynamic models via regression and curve-fitting to derive accurate feedforward and feedback controllers.
Engineering Lead, Robotics Applied Intuition IncEngineering Lead, RoboticsSunnyvale, CA$250,000–$400,000 / yearApplied Intuition is headquartered in Sunnyvale, California, with offices in Washington, D.C. San Diego; Ft. Walton Beach, Florida; Ann Arbor, Michigan; London; Stuttgart; Munich; Stockholm; Bangalore; Seoul; and Tokyo. Proven track record shipping learning-based systems - behavior cloning, RL, or VLA policies - to real robots in production or near-production settings.
NewSenior to Staff Tools Engineer, Simulation 1X TechnologiesSenior to Staff Tools Engineer, SimulationSan Carlos, CA$190,000–$280,000 / yearThis role blends game engine engineering, developer tooling, technical art workflows, CI/CD infrastructure, and simulation platform development to create a world-class robotics development environment. You will improve the simulator, developer workflows, and content pipelines that allow engineers to rapidly create environments, manage assets, automate testing, and validate robot behavior at scale.
Reinforcement learning engineer DexmateReinforcement learning engineerFremont, CaliforniaOur mission is to democratize robotics by lowering the barrier to entry, delivering a plug-and-play platform for developers, researchers, and enterprises, and cultivating an open ecosystem that accelerates the evolution of physical AI. Today, robotics is fragmented, slow, and closed: most builders are forced to reinvent the same stack again and again, and most ideas never make it past the prototype stage.