You’ve spent hours, maybe even days, compiling your resume for your dream job, and you may be asking yourself: “Should I include references on my resume?”

No, you should not include references on resumes. Employers expect applicants to provide references on a separate document, and they’re requested later in the hiring process.

In the sections below, we’ll explain why references don’t belong on resumes, when employers actually ask for them, and how to create a professional reference page that’s ready when you need it.

Why You Shouldn’t Include References on Your Resume

Including references on resumes can hurt your application. Modern hiring processes prioritize concise resumes that are easy for both recruiters and applicant tracking systems (ATS) to scan.

First, references take up valuable space. The average resume length is one to two pages, and listing references leaves less room for the information employers are looking for. Because recruiters typically spend just a few seconds scanning a resume, every line should highlight your skills, experience, and qualifications.

Second, references can cause issues with ATS software, which is designed to filter applications for role-specific keywords and structured data. Adding reference names and contact details introduces information that an ATS may struggle to parse, potentially impacting how your resume is ranked or reviewed.

Lastly, references are requested later in the hiring timeline. Most employers only ask for references after interviews, when you’re a finalist for the role. Your resume’s job is to get you to that stage; your references help them decide afterward.

How to Make a Reference Page for Your Resume

A reference page (also called a reference sheet) is a separate document you provide when employers request references. It should include people who can vouch for your skills, work ethic, and experience. Unlike your resume, this document focuses exclusively on your references.

Should You Include a “References Available Upon Request”?

No, this phrase is outdated. Employers now expect candidates to have references ready if required, so adding this resume section isn’t necessary.

How Many References to Include

Most employers will tell you how many references to include, and you should always follow their instructions. Otherwise, aim for three to five references.

Reference Page Format

You should include these five key details for each reference you provide:

  • Full name
  • Job title
  • Company name
  • Phone number and email
  • Brief, 1–2 sentence description of your relationship
TipPro Tip

Match the header, fonts, and formatting of your reference page to your resume. This creates a more cohesive, polished application package.

Example reference entry: 

Luis Watson
Manager of Digital Marketing, ABC Marketing
Columbus, OH | 555-456-7890 | luis.watson@email.com 

Luis was my manager at ABC Marketing from 2022 to 2024. He oversaw all of my assignments and provided my annual performance reviews.

Reference Sheet Template

Use the template below to create your own professional reference sheet.

[Your Full Name]
[City, State] | [Phone Number] | [Email Address]

[Reference 1 Full Name]
[Job Title] at [Company]
[City, State] | [Phone Number] | [Email Address]

[Brief description of your relationship.]

[Reference 2 Full Name]
[Job Title] at [Company]
[City, State] | [Phone Number] | [Email Address]

[Brief description of your relationship.]

[Reference 3 Full Name]
[Job Title] at [Company]
[City, State] | [Phone Number] | [Email Address]

[Brief description of your relationship.]

Reference Sheet Example

Here’s what a standard resume reference sheet looks like when the template above is filled out:

Jane Smith
Columbus, OH | 222-222-2222 | jane.smith@email.com

John Smith
Manager of Written Content, Competitive Content
Columbus, OH | 333-333-3333 | john.smith@email.com

John was my manager from 2021 to 2024. He supervised my work on daily content production and project planning.

Kim Jackson
Media Director, MediaMachine
Columbus, OH | 444-444-4444 | kim.jackson@email.com

Kim was my supervisor from 2020 to 2021. She oversaw my team’s content overhaul project, where I managed five team members.

Jacob Beam
Professor of Business and Economics, Ohio State University
Columbus, OH | 555-555-5555 | jacob.beam@email.com

Jacob was my graduate supervisor and mentor at Ohio State from 2019 to 2020, where I worked on a team to produce a business model for our capstone project.

Whom to Ask for a Reference

When building your reference sheet, think about people who have helped you learn and grow. Focus on references who can speak to your abilities, accomplishments, and work ethic.

The best references to include are:

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Current or former managers: The “gold standard” of references, former supervisors can speak directly to your performance, reliability, and professional growth.

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Coworkers or colleagues: Your colleagues, past and present, are a great option if they worked closely with you and can comment on your day-to-day performance.

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Direct reports (for leadership roles): If you supervised a team, the people who reported to you can speak to your management skills.

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Clients: The people you’ve served directly can validate your soft skills, such as communication, project management, and relationship-building.

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Professors, mentors, or volunteer leaders: These references are ideal for early-career applicants, recent graduates, or those with limited work experience.

Who Shouldn’t You Ask to Be a Reference?

Not all references are going to be valuable to you. Avoid references who could weaken your application, such as:

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Family members or close friends: They’re biased and lack professional objectivity.

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People you don’t get along with: Steer clear of anyone you’ve had a strained relationship with. A “lukewarm” reference is often as damaging as a negative one.

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Old acquaintances: People you haven’t worked with in years may not remember your abilities accurately or be familiar with your current skill set.

How to Ask Someone to Be a Professional Reference

It’s essential to ask for permission before listing someone as a reference. You should ensure your contacts are comfortable speaking on your behalf and give them time to prepare, which will lead to stronger recommendations.

When asking for a reference, follow these steps:

  • Ask in advance. Always confirm someone is willing to serve as a reference before listing them. This gives them time to prepare and prevents surprises.
  • Be respectful and professional. Don’t pressure anyone, and accept “no” gracefully. It’s better to have an enthusiastic reference than a reluctant one.
  • Provide context about the role. Explain the position you’re applying for and why you’re interested so they can add context to their recommendation.
  • Give your reference the job description. This helps them tailor their comments to the role’s specific requirements.
  • Provide an updated resume. Your reference can see your recent achievements and responsibilities.

What to Do If You Have Limited Professional References

If you’re new to the workforce or don’t have much experience, it can feel challenging to build a strong reference list, but you still have plenty of options:

  • Academic advisors or professors: Advisors and professors can speak to your skills, work ethic, and accomplishments in coursework or projects.
  • Professional mentors: If you’ve worked closely with a mentor in your field, community, or through an internship, they can highlight your growth and potential.
  • Volunteer leaders or community organizers: Leaders from organizations or clubs you’ve volunteered with can attest to your dedication, teamwork, and transferable skills.
  • Clients or freelance contacts: If you’ve done freelance or project-based work, clients can provide insight into your reliability and results.
TipPro Tip

Always explain your current situation to your references. For example, mention if you’re early in your career or changing fields so they can frame their recommendations appropriately.

How to Send a Reference Sheet

Once your reference sheet is ready, you’ll generally only provide it if an employer requests it. Follow these best practices to ensure it’s professional, effective, and ready to share:

  • Follow the employer’s instructions. Some companies have submission requirements, such as document naming conventions, file formats, or email instructions. Always read the request carefully and comply with their specifications.
  • Use a PDF format. Unless the employer requests an email or a different file format, PDFs are a safe bet. They’re a universal format that preserves formatting, ensuring your reference sheet looks professional on any device.
  • Title your file name clearly. Use your name in the title of your document (e.g., JohnSmith_References.pdf or JaneWatson_Ref_Sheet.pdf).
  • Send promptly when requested. Provide your reference sheet within 24 hours to avoid delays in the hiring process.
  • Notify your references. Follow up with your references to let them know they may be contacted, and thank them again for agreeing to serve as references.

By the time you’re asked for references, you’ve already overcome the first big hurdle of the job search: landing an interview. Providing references gives employers a chance to hear from professionals who can vouch for your skills, experience, and work ethic.

When you prepare your reference sheet in advance, confirm that your contacts are willing to help you, provide them with relevant details about the role, and keep your document up to date. With thoughtful preparation, your references can reinforce your qualifications and increase your chances of getting the new job.

If you’re just getting started on your resume or reference sheet, try our Resume Builder and templates. Our tools are designed to help job seekers create polished application materials.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I use a family member as a reference?

No, in most circumstances, you shouldn’t use a family member as a reference. Family and friends are unable to provide an objective perspective on your skills, work ethic, and abilities. The only exception is if they were your direct supervisor in a professional setting.

What if a job posting asks for references upfront?

If an employer asks for references with your application, provide a professional reference sheet alongside your resume.

Can I reuse the same references for multiple jobs?

Yes, you can reuse references for multiple jobs. You should, however, always tell your references you’re doing so.

Should references be included on LinkedIn?

No, you should not include references on your LinkedIn profile. Listing references on LinkedIn can expose your references to unsolicited contact. Keep your references private unless requested by an employer.

Is it a good idea to fake references for a resume? 

No, it’s never a good idea to fake a reference (or anything about your job application). Not only is this practice dishonest, but it’s also risky and can hurt your chances of getting hired. 

Elizabeth Muenzen profile image
Elizabeth Muenzen Career Advice Writer

Elizabeth Muenzen is a Certified Professional Resume Writer (CPRW) and member of the Professional Association of Resume Writers & Career Coaches who empowers job seekers to take control of their career paths using Monster’s comprehensive job search and resume tools.

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